2025 HAFS 미적분학Ⅰ — 1학기 기말고사 완전 분석Updated 2026-06-14

시행일: 2025.07.08  |  2학년 1A, 1B반 (국제과정)  |  22문항 선택형 100점  |  Stewart Calculus Metric 9
먼저 풀이 → 정답 보기 펼치기

시험 형식 요약

항목내용
과목명미적분학Ⅰ (Calculus I) · 코드 10
문항 수선택형 22문항 (논술형 0)
총점100점
배점4.2 ~ 5.1 점진 증가
출제 언어전체 영어

유형별 분포 (Stewart 섹션)

Stewart 섹션 (유형)해당 문항문항 수배점 합
§3.11 쌍곡선함수1,2,3312.6
§3.10 선형근사414.3
§3.7 변화율 (속도·거리·선밀도)5,6,7,8417.4
§3.8 지수 성장·감소9,1028.9
§4.4 로피탈 정리11,1229.0
§4.2 평균값정리 (MVT)1314.6
§4.3 도함수와 그래프14,15,16313.9
§3.9 관련 변화율17,18,19,20,21524.2
§4.7 최적화2215.1

22문항 전체 분석

Q1. 쌍곡선함수 4.2점
Find \(\sinh\!\left(\ln\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\).
풀이
정의 대입: \(e^{\ln(4/3)}=\dfrac43,\;\; e^{-\ln(4/3)}=\dfrac34\)
계산: \(\sinh\!\left(\ln\tfrac43\right)=\dfrac{\frac43-\frac34}{2}=\dfrac{\frac{16-9}{12}}{2}=\dfrac{7/12}{2}=\dfrac{7}{24}\)
정답: ① \(\dfrac{7}{24}\)
Q2. 쌍곡선함수 4.2점
Find \(\operatorname{arcsinh}\left(\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\).
풀이
공식: \(\operatorname{arcsinh}x=\ln\!\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\)
대입: \(x=\tfrac43\): \(\sqrt{\tfrac{16}{9}+1}=\sqrt{\tfrac{25}{9}}=\tfrac53\), 따라서 \(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}=\tfrac43+\tfrac53=3\)
정리: \(\operatorname{arcsinh}\tfrac43=\ln 3\)
정답: ⑤ \(\ln 3\)
Q3. 쌍곡선함수 4.2점
Find \(f'(\ln 2)\) when \(f(x)=\tanh x\).
풀이
tanh(ln2) 계산: \(\tanh(\ln2)=\dfrac{2-\frac12}{2+\frac12}=\dfrac{3/2}{5/2}=\dfrac35\)
도함수: \(f'(x)=\operatorname{sech}^2x=1-\tanh^2 x\)
대입: \(f'(\ln2)=1-\left(\tfrac35\right)^2=1-\tfrac{9}{25}=\tfrac{16}{25}\)
정답: ④ \(\dfrac{16}{25}\)
Q4. 선형근사 4.3점
Let \(g(x)\) be the linear approximation of \(f(x)=\dfrac{12}{x}\) at \(x=4\). Find the value of \(|f(5)-g(5)|\).
풀이
도함수·기준값: \(f'(x)=-\dfrac{12}{x^2}\). \(f(4)=3,\;f'(4)=-\dfrac{12}{16}=-\dfrac34\)
선형근사식: \(g(x)=3-\tfrac34(x-4)\), \(\;g(5)=3-\tfrac34=\dfrac94=2.25\)
실제값·오차: \(f(5)=\dfrac{12}{5}=2.4\), \(\;|f(5)-g(5)|=|2.4-2.25|=0.15\)
정답: ② \(0.15\)
Q5. 변화율 4.3점
[5~6] 공통 지문
The position (meters) of a particle in a straight line is given by the equation \(p(t)=t^3-6t^2+9t\) where the time \(t\,(t\ge0)\) is measured in second.
Find the velocity (m/s) at \(t=4\).
풀이
속도 함수: \(v(t)=p'(t)=3t^2-12t+9\)
대입: \(v(4)=3(16)-12(4)+9=48-48+9=9\)
정답: ③ \(9\) m/s
Q6. 변화율 4.3점
[5~6] 공통 지문
The position (meters) of a particle in a straight line is given by the equation \(p(t)=t^3-6t^2+9t\) where the time \(t\,(t\ge0)\) is measured in second.
Find the total distance (meters) traveled by the particle during the first 4 seconds.
풀이
정지 시각: \(v(t)=3(t-1)(t-3)=0 \Rightarrow t=1,3\) (구간 \([0,4]\) 내)
각 시각의 위치: \(p(0)=0,\;p(1)=4,\;p(3)=0,\;p(4)=4\)
구간별 합: \(|4-0|+|0-4|+|4-0|=4+4+4=12\)
정답: ④ \(12\) m
Q7. 변화율 4.4점
[7~8] 공통 지문
Suppose the mass of a rod measured from its left end to a point \(x\) is \(f(x)=\sqrt{x}\;(0\le x\le 4)\).
Find the average linear density of the part of the rod given by \(1\le x\le 4\).
풀이
평균 선밀도 공식: \(\bar\rho=\dfrac{f(4)-f(1)}{4-1}\)
계산: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt4-\sqrt1}{3}=\dfrac{2-1}{3}=\dfrac13\)
정답: ② \(\dfrac13\)
Q8. 변화율 4.4점
[7~8] 공통 지문
Suppose the mass of a rod measured from its left end to a point \(x\) is \(f(x)=\sqrt{x}\;(0\le x\le 4)\).
Find the instantaneous linear density of the rod at \(x=4\).
풀이
순간 선밀도 = 도함수: \(\rho(x)=f'(x)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\)
대입: \(\rho(4)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt4}=\dfrac{1}{2\cdot 2}=\dfrac14\)
정답: ⑤ \(\dfrac14\)
Q9. 지수성장 4.4점
The population of bacteria is 100 when \(t=0\) and 200 when \(t=4\). Assume that the growth rate is proportional to the population size. Find the population of bacteria when \(t=6\).
풀이
모델: \(P(t)=100\,e^{kt}\). \(P(4)=200 \Rightarrow e^{4k}=2 \Rightarrow e^{k}=2^{1/4}\)
t=6 대입: \(P(6)=100\,e^{6k}=100\cdot 2^{6/4}=100\cdot 2^{3/2}=100\cdot 2\sqrt2\)
정답: ④ \(200\sqrt2\)
Q10. 지수성장 4.5점
A bottle of tea of temperature \(20^\circ\)C is placed in a refrigerator where the temperature is \(5^\circ\)C. After an hour the tea has cooled to \(15^\circ\)C. Find the time (hours) for the tea to cool to \(10^\circ\)C. (Use Newton's law of cooling.)
풀이
모델: \(T(t)=5+15e^{-kt}\) (\(T_0=20,\;T_s=5\))
1시간 조건: \(T(1)=15 \Rightarrow 15e^{-k}=10 \Rightarrow e^{-k}=\tfrac23\)
10도 도달 시각: \(5+15e^{-kt}=10 \Rightarrow e^{-kt}=\tfrac13 \Rightarrow \left(\tfrac23\right)^{t}=\tfrac13\)
로그: \(t=\dfrac{\ln(1/3)}{\ln(2/3)}=\dfrac{-\ln3}{\ln2-\ln3}=\dfrac{\ln3}{\ln3-\ln2}\)
정답: ① \(\dfrac{\ln3}{\ln3-\ln2}\)
Q11. 로피탈 4.5점
Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to0}\dfrac{x\ln(1+x)}{1-\cos x}\).
풀이
근사: \(x\to0\): 분자 \(x\ln(1+x)\sim x\cdot x=x^2\), 분모 \(1-\cos x\sim\dfrac{x^2}{2}\)
극한: \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to0}\dfrac{x^2}{x^2/2}=2\) (로피탈 2회로도 동일)
정답: ③ \(2\)
Q12. 로피탈 4.5점
Find \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to1}x^{\frac{2}{x-1}}\).
풀이
로그: \(L=\lim x^{2/(x-1)}\), \(\;\ln L=\displaystyle\lim_{x\to1}\dfrac{2\ln x}{x-1}\) (\(\tfrac00\))
로피탈: \(=\displaystyle\lim_{x\to1}\dfrac{2/x}{1}=2\), 따라서 \(L=e^2\)
정답: ⑤ \(e^2\)
Q13. 평균값정리 4.6점
Find the number \(c\) that satisfies the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem of the function \(f(x)=2^x\) on the closed interval \([0,1]\).
풀이
MVT 조건: \(f'(c)=\dfrac{f(1)-f(0)}{1-0}=\dfrac{2-1}{1}=1\)
도함수: \(f'(x)=2^x\ln2 \Rightarrow 2^c\ln2=1 \Rightarrow 2^c=\dfrac{1}{\ln2}\)
로그: \(c=\log_2\!\dfrac{1}{\ln2}=\dfrac{\ln(1/\ln2)}{\ln2}=-\dfrac{\ln(\ln2)}{\ln2}\approx0.529\in[0,1]\) ✓
⑤ 배제: \(\ln\tfrac12=-\ln2<0\) 이므로 \(\ln(\ln\tfrac12)\)은 정의되지 않음
정답: ④ \(-\dfrac{\ln(\ln2)}{\ln2}\)
Q14. 도함수·그래프 4.6점
Find the \(x\)-coordinate of the point of inflection of \(y=e^{-\frac{2}{x}}\).
풀이
1차 도함수: \(y'=e^{-2/x}\cdot\dfrac{2}{x^2}\)
2차 도함수: \(y''=e^{-2/x}\cdot\dfrac{2}{x^2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{x^2}+e^{-2/x}\cdot\left(-\dfrac{4}{x^3}\right)=\dfrac{4e^{-2/x}}{x^4}\,(1-x)\)
부호 변화: \(1-x\)가 \(x=1\)에서 부호 변화 → 변곡점 \(x=1\)
정답: ③ \(1\)
Q15. 도함수·그래프 4.6점
Choose every true statement in the box below.
Ⓐ \(f(x)=|x|\) has its local minimum at \(x=0\).
Ⓑ \(x=0\) is a critical number of \(f(x)=x^3\).
Ⓒ \(f(x)=3x-4\sin x\) has its local minimum at \(x=\arccos\!\left(\dfrac34\right)\).
풀이
Ⓐ: \(|x|\)는 \(x=0\)에서 최솟값 0 → 극소
Ⓑ: \(f'(x)=3x^2,\;f'(0)=0\) → \(x=0\)은 임계점
Ⓒ: \(f'(x)=3-4\cos x=0 \Rightarrow \cos x=\tfrac34\). \(f''=4\sin x\), \(x=\arccos\tfrac34\)에서 \(\sin x=\tfrac{\sqrt7}{4}>0 \Rightarrow f''>0\) → 극소
정답: ⑤ Ⓐ, Ⓑ and Ⓒ
Q16. 도함수·그래프 4.7점
Choose every true statement in the box below.
Ⓐ The graph of \(y=e^{x}\) is concave upward on the interval \([0,1]\).
Ⓑ The graph of \(y=xe^{-x}\) has an inflection point at \(x=2\).
Ⓒ The graph of \(y=xe^{-x^2}\) is concave upward on the interval \([0,1]\).
풀이
Ⓐ: \(y''=e^x>0\) (모든 \(x\)) → \([0,1]\)에서 오목 위
Ⓑ: \(y'=e^{-x}(1-x),\;y''=e^{-x}(x-2)\) → \(x=2\)에서 부호 변화 → 변곡점
Ⓒ: \(y''=2x e^{-x^2}(2x^2-3)\). \(x\in(0,1]\)에서 \(2x^2-3<0,\;2x>0 \Rightarrow y''<0\) (오목 아래) → 거짓
정답: ② Ⓐ and Ⓑ only
Q17. 관련변화율 4.7점
A ladder of \(5\,\mathrm m\) long rests against a vertical wall. The bottom of the ladder slides away horizontally from the bottom of the wall at a rate of \(1\,\mathrm{m/s}\). Find the speed (m/s) of the top of the ladder as it slides down the wall, when the bottom of the ladder is \(3\,\mathrm m\) from the bottom of the wall. (The speed is the absolute value of the velocity.)
풀이
관계식: \(x^2+y^2=25\). \(x=3 \Rightarrow y=4\)
미분: \(2x\dfrac{dx}{dt}+2y\dfrac{dy}{dt}=0 \Rightarrow 3(1)+4\dfrac{dy}{dt}=0\)
풀이: \(\dfrac{dy}{dt}=-\dfrac34\), 속도 \(=\dfrac34\) m/s
정답: ① \(\dfrac34\)
Q18. 관련변화율 4.8점
A boat is pulled into a dock by a rope attached to the bow of the boat and passing through a pulley on the dock that is \(3\,\mathrm m\) higher than the bow of the boat. The rope is pulled in at a rate of \(1\,\mathrm{m/s}\). Find the speed (m/s) of the boat as it approaches the dock, when it is \(4\,\mathrm m\) horizontally away from the dock. (The speed is the absolute value of the velocity.)
풀이
관계식: 밧줄 길이 \(L=\sqrt{x^2+9}\). \(x=4 \Rightarrow L=5\), \(\dfrac{dL}{dt}=-1\)
미분: \(\dfrac{dL}{dt}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+9}}\dfrac{dx}{dt} \Rightarrow -1=\dfrac45\dfrac{dx}{dt}\)
풀이: \(\dfrac{dx}{dt}=-\dfrac54\), 속도 \(=\dfrac54\) m/s
정답: ⑤ \(\dfrac54\)
Q19. 관련변화율 4.8점
If two resistors with resistance \(R_1\) and \(R_2\) are connected in parallel, then the total resistance \(R\), measured in ohms, is given by \(\dfrac{1}{R}=\dfrac{1}{R_1}+\dfrac{1}{R_2}\). \(R_1\) and \(R_2\) are increasing at rates of \(3\) ohm/s and \(6\) ohm/s, respectively. Find the rate (ohm/s) of change of \(R\) when \(R_1\) is \(3\) ohms and \(R_2\) is \(6\) ohms.
풀이
R 값: \(\dfrac1R=\dfrac13+\dfrac16=\dfrac12 \Rightarrow R=2\)
미분: \(-\dfrac{1}{R^2}\dfrac{dR}{dt}=-\dfrac{1}{R_1^2}\dfrac{dR_1}{dt}-\dfrac{1}{R_2^2}\dfrac{dR_2}{dt}\)
대입: \(\dfrac{dR}{dt}=R^2\!\left(\dfrac{3}{9}+\dfrac{6}{36}\right)=4\left(\dfrac13+\dfrac16\right)=4\cdot\dfrac12=2\)
정답: ② \(2\)
Q20. 관련변화율 4.9점
Two carts, A and B, are connected by a rope \(77\,\mathrm m\) long that passes over a pulley P. The point Q is on the floor \(20\,\mathrm m\) directly beneath P and between the carts. Cart A is being pulled away from Q horizontally at a speed of \(1\,\mathrm{m/s}\). Find the speed of cart B moving toward Q horizontally at the instant when cart A is \(15\,\mathrm m\) from Q. (The speed is the absolute value of the velocity.)
풀이
관계식: \(a\)=A–Q, \(b\)=B–Q 거리. \(\sqrt{a^2+400}+\sqrt{b^2+400}=77\)
순간 값: \(a=15 \Rightarrow \sqrt{225+400}=25\), 따라서 \(\sqrt{b^2+400}=52 \Rightarrow b=48\)
미분: \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+400}}\dfrac{da}{dt}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+400}}\dfrac{db}{dt}=0\)
풀이: \(\dfrac{15}{25}(1)+\dfrac{48}{52}\dfrac{db}{dt}=0 \Rightarrow \dfrac{db}{dt}=-\dfrac{0.6\cdot52}{48}=-\dfrac{13}{20}\), 속도 \(=\dfrac{13}{20}\)
정답: ③ \(\dfrac{13}{20}\)
Q21. 관련변화율 5.0점
A car is traveling at a constant speed of \(10\,\mathrm{m/s}\) along a highway shaped like a parabola with its vertex at the origin O and passes the point P where \(100\,\mathrm m\) east and \(100\,\mathrm m\) north of the origin. Let L be the distance between O and the car. Find \(\dfrac{dL}{dt}\) (m/s) when the car passes the point P.
풀이
포물선식: \(y=ax^2\), \((100,100)\) 대입 \(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{100}\), \(y=\dfrac{x^2}{100}\)
속도 조건: \(y'=\dfrac{x}{50}\dfrac{dx}{dt}\). P에서 \(\dfrac{dy}{dt}=2\dfrac{dx}{dt}\), 속력 \(\sqrt5\left|\dfrac{dx}{dt}\right|=10 \Rightarrow \dfrac{dx}{dt}=2\sqrt5,\;\dfrac{dy}{dt}=4\sqrt5\)
거리 미분: \(L=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}=100\sqrt2\), \(\dfrac{dL}{dt}=\dfrac{x\frac{dx}{dt}+y\frac{dy}{dt}}{L}=\dfrac{100(2\sqrt5)+100(4\sqrt5)}{100\sqrt2}=\dfrac{6\sqrt5}{\sqrt2}=3\sqrt{10}\)
정답: ② \(3\sqrt{10}\)
Q22. 최적화 5.1점
Find the \(y\)-coordinate of the point on the graph of the hyperbola \(\dfrac{x^2}{25}-\dfrac{y^2}{16}=1\;(x>0)\) that is closest to the point \(\left(0,\dfrac{123}{5}\right)\).
풀이
거리² 함수: 점 \((x,y)\)에서 \(x^2=25\!\left(1+\dfrac{y^2}{16}\right)\). \(D^2=x^2+\left(y-\tfrac{123}{5}\right)^2=25+\dfrac{25y^2}{16}+\left(y-\tfrac{123}{5}\right)^2\)
y에 대해 최소화: \(D^2=\dfrac{41}{16}y^2-\dfrac{246}{5}y+\text{const}\) (아래로 볼록). \(\dfrac{d(D^2)}{dy}=\dfrac{41}{8}y-\dfrac{246}{5}=0\)
풀이: \(y=\dfrac{246}{5}\cdot\dfrac{8}{41}=\dfrac{48}{5}\) (이때 \(x^2=25+144=169,\;x=13>0\) ✓)
정답: ① \(\dfrac{48}{5}\)

정답표

번호배점유형정답
14.2쌍곡선함수① 7/24
24.2쌍곡선함수⑤ ln3
34.2쌍곡선함수④ 16/25
44.3선형근사② 0.15
54.3변화율③ 9
64.3변화율④ 12
74.4변화율② 1/3
84.4변화율⑤ 1/4
94.4지수성장④ 200√2
104.5지수성장① ln3/(ln3−ln2)
114.5로피탈③ 2
124.5로피탈⑤ e²
134.6평균값정리④ −ln(ln2)/ln2
144.6도함수·그래프③ 1
154.6도함수·그래프⑤ Ⓐ,Ⓑ,Ⓒ
164.7도함수·그래프② Ⓐ and Ⓑ
174.7관련변화율① 3/4
184.8관련변화율⑤ 5/4
194.8관련변화율② 2
204.9관련변화율③ 13/20
215.0관련변화율② 3√10
225.1최적화① 48/5

출제 패턴 핵심 요약