출제 포인트
RJ 최빈출 + 최고 배점 단원.
오류 유형(dangling vs misplaced) 판별 +
바르게 고쳐쓰기가 핵심.
정리노트의 모든 예문(campground · backpack · antique auto show · Alice Walker · Professor Higgins · astronaut · Mary/Lori · Marco)이 그대로 출제 가능.
반드시 암기 — Dangling Modifier 규칙 (원문)
"The participle can open or close the sentence only if it modifies the subject—i.e., when the subject of the participle is also the subject of the sentence." →
분사구의 행동을 한 사람 = main clause의 subject 여야 한다. 아니면 분사가
dangle(매달림).
DANGLING ✗
Carrying all of our supplies for miles, the campground was a welcome sight.
분사구 주체 = we인데 주절 주어 = the campground → 캠프장이 짐을 날랐다는 엉뚱한 뜻.
FIX 1
Having carried all of our supplies for miles, we were exhausted.
FIX 2
After we carried all of our supplies for miles, the campground was a welcome sight.
FIX 3
Having carried all of our supplies for miles, we found the campground a welcome sight.
반드시 암기 — Misplaced Modifier 규칙 (원문)
"Place the modifying word, phrase, or clause as close as possible to the word or words you want it to modify." → 수식어를 꾸밈 대상
바로 옆에 두지 않으면 의도하지 않은 뜻이 된다.
MISPLACED ✗
Buried inside her backpack, Constance tried to find the trail map.
"Buried inside her backpack"가 Constance 옆에 있어 Constance가 배낭에 묻혔다는 뜻. 실제로 묻힌 건 trail map.
FIX
Constance tried to find the trail map buried inside her backpack.
FIX · 관계절
Constance tried to find the trail map that was buried inside her backpack.
추가 원문 예문 (Before → After, 모두 출제 가능)
✗ antique auto show
We plan to go to the antique auto show that we read about in the paper tomorrow.
"tomorrow"가 "read about in the paper"를 꾸며 "내일 신문에서 읽었다"는 말이 안 됨.
FIX 1 Tomorrow, we plan to go to the antique auto show that we read about in the paper.
FIX 2 We plan to go tomorrow to the antique auto show that we read about in the paper.
✗ spring break
I finished reading the book that Alice Walker wrote about Langston Hughes during spring break.
"during spring break"가 Alice Walker가 글을 쓴 시점처럼 들림.
FIX During spring break, I finished reading the book that Alice Walker wrote about Langston Hughes.
✗ Professor Higgins
Each actor needs to affect a British accent that auditions for the role of Professor Higgins.
"that auditions for the role"가 British accent 옆에 있어 억양이 오디션을 본다는 뜻.
FIX Each actor that auditions for the role of Professor Higgins needs to affect a British accent.
✗ astronaut
My nephew told me that he wanted to become an astronaut and fly to the moon when he was six years old.
"when he was six years old"가 끝에 있어 여섯 살에 달에 날아가고 싶었다처럼 들림.
FIX When he was six years old, my nephew told me that he wanted to become an astronaut and fly to the moon.
✗ ambiguous · Mary & Lori
Mary said during rehearsal Lori acted nervous.
"during rehearsal"가 Mary가 말한 때인지, Lori가 긴장한 때인지 모호.
FIX · Mary가 말한 때 During rehearsal, Mary said that Lori acted nervous.
FIX · Lori가 긴장한 때 Mary said that Lori acted nervous during rehearsal.
✗ ambiguous · Marco
Tell Marco before he goes to his karate class I want to see him.
"before he goes to his karate class"가 가운데 어색하게 놓여 혼란.
FIX 1 Before Marco goes to his karate class, tell him that I want to see him.
FIX 2 Tell Marco that I want to see him before he goes to his karate class.
핵심 함정 — Dangling vs Misplaced 구분
| 구분 | 판별법 | 예시 |
| Dangling | 분사구의 숨은 주어가 문장에 아예 없음 (또는 주절 주어와 불일치) | "Carrying… supplies, the campground…" (짐 나른 we가 문장에 없음) |
| Misplaced | 수식 대상은 문장에 있으나 엉뚱한 말 옆에 놓임 | "Buried inside her backpack, Constance…" (trail map이 문장에 있음) |
→ "Buried inside her backpack…"는 misplaced(trail map이 존재). "Carrying all of our supplies…"는 dangling(we가 없음). 이 둘을 바꿔 묻는 함정 빈출!
RJ 예상 시험 유형
- "This sentence contains which error?" — ① dangling ② misplaced ③ no error 중 선택
- "Identify the error type and rewrite CORRECTLY (서술형)" — 유형 판별 + 고쳐쓰기
- "Which is NOT a correct revision" — 잘못 고친 선지 1개 찾기
- "Which CORRECTLY fixes the sentence" — 어법상 옳게 수정된 선지 선택