객관식 21 (지문당 3 — 수사 목적 / 개념 적용 / 비교 대조) + 논술 1 (Copyleft) 행간 추론(between the lines) 중심 · 매력적 오답 · 정답·해설 토글
📑 구성 (총 22문항)
1
Affluenza — Q1~3
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
2
IDIOTs — Q4~6
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
3
Copyleft — Q7~9 (+ 논술 Q22)
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
4
Brainwriting — Q10~12
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
5
Broken Windows Theory — Q13~15
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
6
Email Apnea — Q16~18
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
7
The Sistine Chapel Ceiling — Q19~21
수사 목적 · 개념 적용 · 비교 대조
★
Q22 — 논술형 (Copyleft, 20점)
외대부고 FRQ 스타일 · Thesis–Body(근거 2+)–Conclusion
⚠️ 출제 안내 — 모든 객관식은 단순 내용일치를 배제하고 행간 추론을 요구한다. 각 문항의 정답·해설 보기 버튼을 누르면 정답과 오답 근거가 펼쳐진다(인쇄 시 자동 표시). 영어=실전 문제, 해설=한국어. 각 지문 3문항 = ①수사 목적 ②개념 적용·추론 ③비교 대조.
Reading 1 · Unit 4 | Modern Society
Affluenza
Q1~3 · 풍요병
1The author invokes the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis and the idiom "keep up with the Joneses." The primary purpose of the subprime-crisis example is to —수사 목적
a. identify the historical event that gave rise to the term affluenza
b. argue that wealthy individuals alone were responsible for the recession
c. anchor an abstract social condition in a concrete, large-scale consequence, demonstrating its destructive real-world reach
d. shift blame for affluenza onto predatory banks
정답: c — 추상적 "social condition"을 대규모 실제 파국(2008)에 정박시켜 파괴력을 입증하는 예시. a 용어는 1990년대 de Graaf에서 유래(시간 모순). b 본문은 "across all socioeconomic classes"라 부유층 단독 책임론 아님. d 초점은 은행이 아니라 개인의 entitlement·과소비.
2Which hypothetical individual best exemplifies affluenza as the passage defines it?개념 적용
a. A wealthy retiree who lives modestly and gives much of his income to charity
b. A middle-income worker who takes on heavy credit-card debt to buy luxury goods that signal status to her neighbors, feeling entitled to them
c. A student who works two part-time jobs to cover basic tuition costs
d. A business owner who reinvests her profits to expand operations
정답: b — entitlement·즉각적 충족·지위 과시(keep up with the Joneses)·감당 못 할 부채를 모두 충족. '중간 소득층'이라는 점은 "not simply a rich person's disease"와도 부합. a 절제·기부는 정반대. c 생계형 노동은 필요지 욕구가 아님. d 사업 재투자는 충동·과시 소비 아님.
3The passage moves from diagnosing a problem to prescribing a response. Which best captures the contrast it draws between the condition and its remedy?비교 대조
a. The condition is biological in origin, whereas the remedy is purely financial
b. The condition afflicts only the rich, whereas the remedy is aimed at the poor
c. The condition is incurable, whereas the remedy can only slow its spread
d. The condition arises from the illusion that money guarantees happiness, whereas the remedy lies in awareness, education, and more balanced expectations
정답: d — 원인("the illusion that money can guarantee happiness") ↔ 처방("Awareness and education," "more balanced expectations")의 정확한 대조. a 생물학적 질병 아님. b "all socioeconomic classes"와 모순. c "can be successfully treated"라 "incurable" 오류.
Reading 1-2 · Unit 4 | Modern Society
IDIOTs
Q4~6 · 충동적 디지털 고립 성향
4The author coins the acronym IDIOTs ("Impulsive Digital Isolationist Tendencies"). The primary purpose of this coinage is to —수사 목적
a. provide a recognized clinical psychiatric diagnosis
b. deploy a provocative, self-implicating pun that makes the critique memorable and includes the author and reader in its scope
c. insult smartphone users by literally calling them unintelligent
d. name a newly discovered medical disorder
정답: b — 의도된 말장난(pun). "saving ourselves," "depends on us"처럼 저자·독자를 포함하며 비판을 각인. a·d 공인된 임상 진단명/질환명이 아니라 저자가 만든 신조어. c 표적은 행동 경향이지 지능 자체가 아님(너무 문자적).
5Based on the passage, which person best exemplifies "nomophobia" as the term is used?개념 적용
a. Someone who refuses, on principle, to own a smartphone
b. Someone who uses a phone only for scheduled work calls
c. Someone who feels intense anxiety and repeatedly searches for their phone the moment they realize they left it at home
d. Someone who prefers reading printed books to e-books
정답: c — nomophobia = "the obsession with, and fear of being without, our smartphones." 휴대폰 부재 시의 불안·강박적 탐색이 정의에 부합. a 스마트폰 거부는 정반대. b 제한적·목적적 사용은 강박 아님. d 종이책 선호는 무관(오히려 깊은 독서에 가까움).
6Which best states the central contrast the author develops throughout the passage?비교 대조
a. A contrast between intelligent people and unintelligent people
b. A contrast between the illusion that digital communication is preferable and the author's view that it is an inferior substitute for face-to-face connection and immersive reading
c. A contrast between owners of smartphones and users of older mobile phones
d. A contrast between work-related and leisure-related phone use
정답: b — "tricking ourselves into believing that digital communication is [preferable]" ↔ 대면 소통·몰입 독서의 상실. 착각된 우위 ↔ 실제 열등한 대체물. a acronym 말장난을 문자대로 받은 함정. c·d 기기 세대/용도 구분은 핵심 대조 아님.
Reading 2 · Unit 5 | Social Issues
Copyleft
Q7~9 · 카피레프트 (논술 Q22도 참조)
7The passage opens with two direct questions ("Have you ever downloaded a song...? Did you know that this was probably illegal?"). The primary rhetorical purpose of this opening is to —수사 목적
a. make an abstract legal issue feel personally relevant before the unfamiliar concept of copyleft is introduced
b. accuse readers of deliberate criminal behavior in order to provoke guilt
c. demonstrate the author's professional expertise in intellectual-property law
d. argue that copyright laws are so widely broken that they are effectively unenforceable
정답: a — 독자 경험을 환기해 추상적 법 개념을 개인화한 뒤 copyleft로 진입. b 어조는 유도적·완곡("probably illegal")—고발조 아님. c 전문성 과시 없음. d 집행 불가능성은 논점 아님.
8A musician releases a song under a copyleft license, and a second artist remixes it. According to the passage, which action by the second artist would VIOLATE the copyleft license?개념 적용
a. Crediting the original musician as the creator of the source material
b. Allowing anyone to freely copy and further modify the remix
c. Selling the remix commercially while forbidding others from altering it
d. Distributing the remix online at no charge
정답: c — copyleft는 "new versions... cannot copyright or sell them" + "must allow other people to change, copy, and share." 판매+변경금지는 이중 위반. a 원작자 credit은 의무(위반 아님). b 후속 변경 허용은 핵심 요건. d 무료 배포는 자유 사용 정신에 부합.
9Which option best captures the fundamental difference between copyright and copyleft as presented in the passage?비교 대조
a. Copyright protects a creator's identity, whereas copyleft disregards authorship entirely
b. Copyright restricts use to incentivize creation, whereas copyleft frees use while still preserving the creator's right to attribution
c. Copyright governs software, whereas copyleft governs only music and books
d. Copyright is legally binding, whereas copyleft is a voluntary suggestion that imposes no conditions
정답: b — copyright=사용 제한으로 창작 유인 / copyleft=자유 사용 + 원작자 표시 보존("right to be identified"). a copyleft도 credit 요구—"disregards authorship" 오류. c 첫 사용이 소프트웨어였을 뿐 매체로 양분되지 않음. d copyleft는 share-alike라는 구속력 있는 조건 부과.
Reading 3 · Unit 7 | Productive Methods
Brainwriting
Q10~12 · 브레인라이팅
10The author calls brainwriting brainstorming's "more famous cousin" and says brainwriting "leaves brainstorming in its wake." The purpose of this familial-yet-competitive diction is to —수사 목적
a. suggest the two techniques are functionally identical
b. dismiss brainstorming as entirely worthless
c. imply that brainwriting is the older and more traditional of the two methods
d. frame brainwriting as a related but superior successor, lowering the reader's resistance to an unfamiliar method
정답: d — "cousin"(친숙함)+"leaves in its wake"(우위)의 결합 = 익숙한 것의 더 나은 후계자로 포지셔닝해 거부감↓. a 전체가 우열 대조라 "identical" 오류. b "retains the benefits of brainstorming"이라 완전 무가치 아님. c brainstorming이 더 유명한 기존 방법.
11Based on the passage's reasoning, which group would most likely benefit MORE from brainwriting than from brainstorming?개념 적용
a. A team of three confident extroverts who already share ideas openly and equally
b. A large group that includes several shy members and one dominant speaker who tends to monopolize discussion
c. A team whose task requires a single expert to make a fast final decision
d. A group whose goal is to reach consensus through vigorous open debate
정답: b — brainwriting이 해결하는 두 결함 = 발언 독점(blocking) + 평가 공포(fear of judgment). 소심한 다수+독점자 1인 구성에서 효익 최대. a 이미 평등·활발 → 얻을 이득 적음. c 발상 도구지 단독 의사결정 도구 아님. d open debate는 침묵·개별 기록 방식과 목적 상충.
12Which pairing correctly contrasts a weakness of brainstorming with the corresponding strength of brainwriting?비교 대조
a. Brainstorming wastes paper / brainwriting conserves it
b. Brainstorming blocks simultaneous input and breeds fear of judgment / brainwriting records ideas privately and simultaneously so nothing is lost
c. Brainstorming is too slow to initiate / brainwriting requires extensive prior training
d. Brainstorming generates too many ideas to manage / brainwriting deliberately limits idea quantity
정답: b — 약점("only one person can speak," "fear of how others will judge") ↔ 강점("recorded in private," "generated simultaneously," "nothing is lost")의 정확한 대응. a 종이 낭비는 지엽적 왜곡. c 반대—brainwriting은 "nowhere near as tricky to initiate." d brainwriting은 아이디어를 더 많이 생성.
Reading 4 · Unit 6 | Psychology
Broken Windows Theory
Q13~15 · 깨진 유리창 이론
13The passage opens with an image and a question ("An old damaged car... What will happen to it in a week?"). This opening primarily functions to —수사 목적
a. supply statistical proof that validates the theory
b. argue that car-related crime is the most urgent of urban problems
c. engage the reader with a concrete, relatable puzzle that the theory will then resolve
d. condemn neighborhoods for neglecting abandoned property
정답: c — 구체적 장면+질문으로 호기심 유발, 이후 이론이 답("get damaged more")을 제공하는 도입 장치. a 도입부에 통계 없음(통계는 뒤 NY 사례). b 자동차 범죄를 최우선 문제로 주장 안 함. d 비난 어조 아님.
14A property manager notices a single broken window and some scattered litter in an apartment lobby. According to broken windows theory, which response would most effectively PREVENT the escalation the theory predicts?개념 적용
a. Posting a large sign that warns of legal penalties for vandalism
b. Immediately repairing the window and clearing the litter so the space signals that it is cared for
c. Waiting to see whether residents themselves report any further damage
d. Lowering the building's rent in order to attract more responsible tenants
정답: b — 메커니즘은 "broken window sends a message that... no one cares." 즉각 복구 = '관리되고 있다'는 신호 전송(NY zero-tolerance와 동일 논리). a 처벌 경고는 위협 억지일 뿐 '신호' 교정 아님(매력적 함정). c 방관은 악화 허용. d 임대료는 신호 메커니즘과 무관.
15The passage extends the theory across crime, business, and personal life. Which statement best identifies the common principle the author uses to connect them?비교 대조
a. In each domain, large-scale resources are required to bring about meaningful change
b. In each domain, government intervention proves more effective than individual effort
c. In each domain, once disorder begins it can never be reversed
d. In each domain, small and visible signals shape perception and behavior out of all proportion to their size
정답: d — "Small things... can be a sign," "Small signals make a big difference in business," "small details" — 세 영역 관통 원리는 작은 신호의 불균형적 영향. a 정반대(작은 개입의 큰 효과). b 개인 영역엔 정부 개입 없음. c NY 사례(범죄 19%↓)가 가역성 입증.
Reading 5 · Unit 10 | Medicine
Email Apnea
Q16~18 · 이메일 무호흡
16The passage opens in the second person and present tense ("You've just opened your email account... you're holding your breath"). This opening primarily functions to —수사 목적
a. present clinical medical data establishing the condition's prevalence
b. immerse readers in the experience so the phenomenon feels immediate and personally recognizable before it is named
c. blame readers for their unhealthy email habits
d. establish that email apnea afflicts only office workers
정답: b — 2인칭·현재형 몰입 도입으로 증상을 먼저 체감시킨 뒤 "Email apnea"라 명명. a 임상 데이터 아닌 체험 묘사. c 비난조 아닌 공감 유도. d "you"=일반 독자, 사무직 한정 주장 아님.
17Based on the causal chain the passage describes (irregular breathing → vagus nerve / fight-or-flight → biochemical imbalance), which outcome would most plausibly result from chronic email apnea?개념 적용
a. Improved concentration produced by the heightened alertness of the fight-or-flight response
b. Elevated stress and a disrupted biochemical balance that contribute to worsening health over time
c. A permanent structural change to the "animal brain"
d. A total inability to breathe without the aid of technology
정답: b — 본문: 불규칙 호흡이 "heightens stress" + "biochemistry is negatively affected" → 만성화 시 건강 악화. a 각성을 긍정적 집중으로 포장한 함정(본문은 해로운 스트레스). c '동물뇌 영구 구조 변화'는 비약. d '기술 없이 호흡 불가'는 과장.
18The passage juxtaposes two processes Stone observed occurring in herself simultaneously. Which best describes that juxtaposition?비교 대조
a. A conscious effort to breathe deeply versus an unconscious urge to check email
b. A physical illness versus a purely psychological illusion
c. A deliberate mental task of prioritizing email versus an involuntary, unconscious holding of the breath
d. Her own irregular breathing versus her colleagues' steady, regular breathing
정답: c — "while her mind was thinking of how to prioritize her emails, at the same time she was... holding her breath." 의식적 사고 ↔ 무의식적 호흡 정지의 동시성. a 방향이 뒤바뀜(호흡은 무의식적 정지). b 둘 다 생리적 반응. d 동료들도 불규칙하게 호흡—대조 불성립.
Reading 6 · Unit 10 | Art
The Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Q19~21 · 시스티나 성당 천장화
19The author's repeated emphasis on Michelangelo's initial refusal, his preference for sculpture, and his lack of fresco experience most directly serves to —수사 목적
a. suggest that Pope Julius II showed poor judgment in selecting an unproven painter
b. amplify the magnitude of the achievement by framing the masterpiece as a triumph over personal reluctance and technical limitation
c. imply that the greatest art is typically produced by accident rather than by deliberate intention
d. establish a hierarchy in which sculpture is presented as a nobler art form than painting
정답: b — 장애물(refused·no experience·moldy·deteriorated eyesight)을 누적한 뒤 "fame had begun"으로 마무리—극복의 위대함 부각. a 교황 판단 비판 없음. c 우연성은 정반대(의식적 인내). d 매체 위계 주장 아님.
20The passage attributes Michelangelo's success to solitary perseverance, learning an unfamiliar craft by trial and error, and enduring physical hardship. Which modern scenario best embodies these same qualities?개념 적용
a. A film director who delegates most of the shooting to a large crew and completes the project early and under budget
b. A best-selling novelist who reapplies a proven, formulaic plot to produce a new book quickly
c. A self-taught programmer who, with no formal training, single-handedly builds a complex application over several years, refining her methods through repeated failure despite physical strain
d. An architect who secures a prestigious commission through personal connections and then supervises a team that executes the design
정답: c — 독학(무경험)·단독 수행·시행착오·신체적 고통 네 요소를 모두 충족. a 대규모 위임·조기 완성은 고독한 분투와 정반대. b 검증된 공식 재사용은 새로움·고투와 배치. d 인맥·감독 역할은 "worked almost completely alone"과 어긋남.
21Which statement best describes the contrast the passage draws between Michelangelo's standing before 1508 and after 1512?비교 대조
a. He moves from a respected sculptor to a figure whose reputation as a painter has now been established
b. He abandons sculpture permanently in order to devote himself to fresco
c. He rises from an obscure, unknown craftsman to a wealthy public celebrity
d. He is transformed from a reluctant amateur into a confident mentor who trains other painters
정답: a — "better known for his sculptures"(이전) ↔ "fame as one of the world's greatest painters had begun"(이후). 명성의 영역 확장이 핵심. b 조각을 영구히 버렸다는 진술 없음. c 이전에도 조각가로 이미 유명(obscure 오류), 부 언급 없음. d 홀로 작업—타 화가 지도 없음.
Free Response · Reading 2 | Copyleft
Q22. 논술형 (20점)
외대부고 FRQ 스타일 · Thesis–Body(근거 2개 이상)–Conclusion
Stimulus. Richard Stallman's copyleft movement rests on the conviction that "creativity should always be free." Advocates contend that copyleft — by guaranteeing the freedom to copy, share, and build upon creative works — serves society better than copyright, which restricts use so that creators can monetize their work ("creative people need a reason to keep creating"). The stakes have sharpened in the age of AI: filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, reacting to AI-generated art trained on the work of human artists, condemned it as "an insult to life itself."
Prompt (write in formal academic English): Evaluate the validity of the claim that copyleft is better for society than copyright. In a well-organized essay, defend, challenge, or qualify this claim. Your essay must:
open with an introduction containing a clear, defensible thesis statement;
develop at least two distinct lines of reasoning, each supported by specific evidence or examples (from the passage, the AI-art debate, or your own knowledge of software, music, film, or the arts);
engage at least one counterargument and respond to it;
close with a conclusion that synthesizes — not merely repeats — your reasoning.
권장 분량 5문단 이상 · 권장 시간 35–40분
채점 기준 (20점)
영역
배점
만점 기준
Thesis (명확한 입장)
4
양비론이 아닌, 방어/반박/한정 중 하나의 방어 가능한 입장을 정교하게 진술
Evidence & Development
8
둘 이상의 구별되는 논거 + 각 논거에 구체적 사례. 추상적 일반론만이면 4점 이하
Counterargument & Nuance
4
반대 입장을 공정하게 제시하고 효과적으로 재반박/한정
Organization (3단 구조)
2
완결된 서론–본론–결론 + 문단 간 논리적 연결
Language & Rhetorical Control
2
학술적 어휘·문장 통제, AP Lang 수준의 수사적 자각
모범 답안 골격 (Qualify — 권장 입장) Thesis 예시: "While copyleft powerfully democratizes creativity and accelerates collective innovation, it is not categorically better than copyright; the optimal system is domain-dependent — copyleft excels for cumulative, functional works like software, whereas copyright remains indispensable for protecting the livelihoods of individual artists, a tension thrown into sharp relief by generative AI."
(Pro-copyleft) 누적적 혁신 — Wikipedia·Linux(GNU/Linux)·오픈소스가 share-alike로 집단 지성을 가속("so that it could get better").
(Pro-copyleft) 접근·형평 — 자유로운 복제·개작이 자본 없는 창작자에게도 창작 수단 개방.
(Pro-copyright) 유인·생계 — 본문도 인정하듯 "creative people need a reason to keep creating." 무한 무료화는 전업 예술가 생계 위협.
(Pro-copyright / AI) Miyazaki — AI 무단 학습·재생산은 "creativity should always be free"가 원작자 보호와 충돌함을 보여줌("an insult to life itself"). attribution만으론 착취 차단 한계.
반론 수용: "copyleft도 credit을 의무화하므로 착취를 막는다"는 반박 → 그러나 attribution은 인정만 보장하지 보상은 보장하지 못하며, AI 스크래핑처럼 출처 표시가 무력화되는 맥락에선 한계가 분명하다. 결론: 단순 승패가 아니라 작품 유형·기술 환경에 따른 최적 균형으로 종합(기능적·누적적 창작→copyleft / 개인 예술·생계형→copyright 병행).
흔한 감점 — ① "둘 다 장단점" 무입장 양비론(Thesis 2점↓) ② 사례 없는 순환 논증("freedom is good") ③ 반론을 언급만 하고 재반박 없음 ④ 결론이 서론의 단순 반복