서술형은 이 형식을 안 지키면 감점. "Generalizations don't count."
"On page X, line Y, the author uses [device] to..."
(X페이지 Y줄에서 저자는 [수사 장치]를 사용하여 ~한다)
| 유형 | 질문 |
|---|---|
| Clarification | "What is the literal meaning of [X]?" |
| Analysis | "How does [Rhetorical Device] support the author's thesis?" |
| Connection | "How does this text speak to a current global event or another text?" |
주석은 diction · syntax · tone 같은 rhetorical choices에 집중.
David가 직접 지정한 Power Words: juxtaposition · didactic · subverts · nuanced (00번 규칙). 답안에 최소 2개 박아라.
| 용어 | 뜻 | 쓰는 법 |
|---|---|---|
| juxtaposition | 대조 배치 | "The author creates a juxtaposition between human and machine attention." |
| didactic | 교훈적인 | "The 12 Theses adopt a didactic, almost scriptural tone." |
| subverts | 전복한다 | "Burnett subverts the optimistic language of 'connection.'" |
| nuanced | 미묘한·균형잡힌 | "Haidt's TED stance is nuanced, allowing a middle ground." |
| 용어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| diction | 어휘 선택 |
| syntax | 문장 구조 |
| tone | 어조 |
| exigence | 글을 쓰게 한 절박한 상황 |
| kairos | 적시성, 시의적절함 |
| pivot / shift | 전환점 |
| dialectic(al) | 변증법(적) |
| antifragile | 도전에 더 강해지는 (Taleb) |
| sublime | 숭고 |
각 텍스트: ① 1줄 thesis ② Shift 지점 ③ 핵심 인용 3~5개(verbatim).
Thesis: AI는 지식 생산을 자동화하나 인간됨의 핵심인 being과 true attention은 못 한다; 위기 = 인문학이 본질로 돌아갈 기회.
Tone: 분석적 → 숭고한(sublime)·고양된. Shift: Julia의 "It can't touch my me-ness" → "This is the pivot where we turn from anxiety and despair to an exhilarating sense of promise." (43줄)
- "It's not magic. It's math." (31줄) / "the math can do us." (35줄)
- "The question is, do we want to read them?" (10줄)
- "to be human is not to have answers. It is to have questions—and to live with them." (55줄)
- 교육 = "The non-coercive rearranging of desire." (45줄)
- (Weil) "the capacity to give true attention to another being lies at the absolute center of ethical life." (29줄)
Thesis: 모든 연결의 토대는 장치가 아니라 attention; 시장이 그것을 약탈했고 해법은 ethics of attention / attensity.
Tone: 비통·분노 → didactic(12 Theses) → 선동적. Shift: "It is attention. / And they have seriously fucked with our attention." (02), 그리고 Thesis VII(정의→위기로 전환).
- "An attentional path is the trace left by a free mind." (Thesis V)
- "It is a lung that replenishes the air it breathes." (Thesis XI)
- "This work... is a work, through attention, of world-building. This work is fundamentally political." (XII)
- "'crisis' derives from a word that can mean 'to decide.'" (04)
- "True attention cannot be measured by a machine." (04)
"They" = the attention economy / 디지털 플랫폼·소셜미디어 기업(예: Meta)·알고리즘. (워크시트 13번)
Thesis(=전문): "Pay attention. / Be astonished. / Tell about it."
Shift 없음(3행 시). 역할: Haidt NYU 연설의 액자 + "Be astonished" = 12 Theses의 "astonishing reality of things."
Thesis: 인간을 performance·consumption·a statistical datum으로 환원하면 고통; interiority(silence·reflection) 회복이 곧 hope.
- "the human person is reduced to performance, consumption, or a statistical datum."
- "we are loved, awaited, and called to carry out a task in the world, then hope is born."
- "disconnected from themselves, others, and their own interiority."
Thesis: "Treasure your attention" → 되찾아서 do hard things + real people in the real world.
Shift: "treasure your attention more than the people who want to take it from you... For Meta, it's a trillion dollars. For you... it is priceless." (51줄)
- "what you pay attention to shapes what you care about. And what you care about shapes who you become." (31줄)
- "They're trying to take it from you." (35줄)
- "You should do hard things." / "antifragile" (Taleb)
- "real people in the real world." (75줄)
Thesis: attention = 세 혁명(Google·Facebook·AI)의 공통 조직 원리지만, 그는 그 의미를 이해하지 못한다.
Shift: 마지막 "I just get confused. I don't know exactly how to explain it." → identify ≠ understand.
- "the Magna Carta of AI... 'Attention Is All You Need.'"
- "What is Google? PageRank... He's getting more attention - so his site is more important."
- "an attention mechanism. It's just attention again."
Thesis: 기술이 아동의 sustained attention·사회성을 해친다 → 3 Principles of Techno-Skepticism.
3원칙: ① Protect brain development through puberty ② Prioritize people and books, not screens ③ Beware of artificial relationships for minors.
- humans are "ultra-social"; short video = "brain rot."
- "burden of proof"를 기술 기업에 지워라. "Human connection is not optional."
[Essay] Thesis: AI는 교육을 망친 게 아니라 고용용 교육이 이미 망가졌음을 드러냄; employment→enlightenment 재정의의 기회. 고용 패러다임은 "absolutely doomed"(=good news).
Tone: 도발적·희망적, 수사적 질문 연쇄. Shift: "The robots will take most jobs anyway… You cannot win at that game. But you don't need to play it." (절망→해방).
- "we see ourselves more as bodies than minds, more as tools than souls."
- "those few people who hoard all the money and power… would love for this to remain our system of values." (← 누가 이득)
- "value ourselves as an irreplaceable resource of what computers will never be."
- (끝=질문) "Dare we imagine our 'replacement' by AI as a chance to (re)discover what's irreplaceable in us?"
[Poem] 6행, verbatim 끝줄: "Love is for the ones who love the work." → 위로+부드러운 판단. "let it fall back in the grasses"=내려놓음(not confrontation), "the miraculous task of it"=살아있음 자체.
★David 교차 출제★ Essay는 question으로, Poem은 statement로 끝남(효과 대비). 시=한 사람에게, 에세이=시스템에게. Fasano ↔ Burnett: "Love is for the ones who love the work" ≈ Burnett 교육 정의 "non-coercive rearranging of desire"(강제 아닌 욕망 재배열) → 동의 논거. knowledge(AI가 잘함) ↔ wisdom(인간만의 것).
"Same word. Two completely different concepts." 이 표 통째로 암기.
| Chamath | Burnett / Simone Weil | |
|---|---|---|
| attention이란 | 정보 순위 매기는 수학적·기계적 과정 (PageRank · likes · attention mechanism) | personhood의 핵심 — "reason, judgment, memory, curiosity, responsibility" |
| 측정 가능성 | 측정 가능 (links, likes 개수) | "True attention cannot be measured by a machine." |
| 빠진 것 | 의미·내면·윤리·인간됨 | (그게 본질) |
| 결정적 순간 | "I just get confused. I don't know exactly how to explain it." (식별만, 이해 X) | "to give true attention... lies at the absolute center of ethical life." |
Weil 정의 (Burnett 인용, verbatim):
"The authentic and pure values - truth, beauty and goodness - in the activity of a human being are the result of one and the same act, a certain application of the full attention to the object."
Burnett 정의 (파일 09 워크시트 — Burnett 기사 원문 아님):
"True attention lies at the heart of personhood: reason, judgment, memory, curiosity, responsibility, the feeling of a summer day, the burying of our dead."
'Attention Is All You Need'(2017)의 attention은 Burnett 표현으로 "exactly nothing to do with our human ability to give our minds and senses to the world." → 기술적 정의가 인간적 의미를 colonize(식민화)하는 것이 위험의 핵심.
| 대립축 | 한쪽 | 다른 쪽 |
|---|---|---|
| Human vs. Machine attention | Burnett/Weil | Chamath (attention mechanism) |
| Being vs. Knowing | "have questions" | "knowledge production" (자동화됨) |
| Real world vs. Screen | Haidt: real people | 소셜미디어 / brain rot |
| Despair vs. Promise(sublime) | Diego "crushed" | Julia / "exhilarating sense of promise" |
| Measurable vs. Immeasurable | likes·links | "cannot be measured by a machine" |
| 🆕 Employment vs. Enlightenment | Fasano: "absolutely doomed" 고용용 교육 | wholeness·wisdom·"irreplaceable in us" |
| 🆕 Statement vs. Question (끝맺음) | Poem: "Love is for the ones who love the work." | Essay: "Dare we imagine…?" |
즉답 문장 예시 — "On the level of diction, Burnett's 'human fracking' and the Friends of Attention's 'frack human beings' both subvert the language of 'connection,' creating a juxtaposition between extraction and care."
Attention이 모든 텍스트를 관통한다 → 진단(위기)·정의(본질)·처방(해법)·반증(Chamath).