[Vocabulary (Level E U1–8)]
1ⓐ 문장 빈칸2.0점
Choose the word that BEST completes the sentence. To ______ her small pension, the retired teacher began giving piano lessons on weekends.
① augment
② gape
③ adulterate
④ reiterate
⑤ deploy
2ⓐ 문장 빈칸2.0점
Choose the word that BEST completes the sentence. A single careless mistake by the pilot could have put the lives of all two hundred passengers in ______.
① impetus
② grimace
③ jeopardy
④ quintessence
⑤ nostalgia
3ⓐ 문장 빈칸2.0점
Choose the word that BEST completes the sentence. Because the family had lost everything in the fire, the hospital agreed to ______ its usual fees and treat the children for free.
① waive
② inter
③ abhor
④ implicate
⑤ buffet
4ⓑ 밑줄 5개 중 부적절한 어휘2.0점
Which underlined word is NOT used appropriately in context?
① An ambidextrous player, she could switch the racket to either hand in the middle of a rally.
② When we came home late that night, our cat greeted us at the door with a loud, verbatim purr and rubbed against our legs.
③ After the war, the old soldier felt bereft of the friends he had marched beside for years.
④ The insidious scheme was dressed up as friendly advice, so few investors saw the trap hidden inside it.
⑤ After winning the lottery, the plumber bought an opulent yacht with silk curtains and a crystal staircase.
5ⓑ 밑줄 5개 중 부적절한 어휘2.0점
Which underlined word is NOT used appropriately in context?
① Once engineers had tested the soil, the plan to tunnel under the river was judged feasible.
② At the retirement dinner, speaker after speaker extolled the nurse for forty years of tireless care.
③ The belligerent customer pushed past the guard and shouted threats at the cashier.
④ The raincoat’s fabric is impervious to water, so even a heavy storm cannot soak through it.
⑤ Before leaving on his long trip abroad, he locked his savings in an amicable steel safe under the bed.
6ⓑ 밑줄 5개 중 부적절한 어휘2.0점
Which underlined word is NOT used appropriately in context?
① The landlord tried to coerce his tenants into signing the new lease by cutting off their hot water.
② The general’s demise was announced on the radio the morning after the battle.
③ The urbane diplomat charmed every guest with his elegant manners and witty conversation.
④ The farmer let the field lie fallow for a year so that the soil could recover.
⑤ Thanks to the inclement weather, we spent the whole afternoon sunbathing on the beach.
7ⓒ 단어 관계(analogy)2.0점
Choose the pair whose relationship is MOST similar to that of AMBIDEXTROUS : CLUMSY.
① omnivorous : supple
② apprehensive : decrepit
③ compatible : stately
④ altruistic : selfish
⑤ ingenuous : naive
8ⓒ 단어 관계(analogy)2.0점
Choose the pair whose relationship is MOST similar to that of MALEVOLENT : MALICIOUS.
① decrepit : suave
② apprehensive : rectangular
③ vociferous : clamorous
④ explicit : vague
⑤ compatible : wooden
9ⓒ 단어 관계(analogy)2.0점
Choose the pair whose relationship is MOST similar to that of ADVERSARY : ALLY.
① temerity : timidity
② reprisal : nostalgia
③ quintessence : demise
④ intimation : inkling
⑤ condolence : chaos
10ⓓ 지문 속 부적절한 어휘2.5점
Which underlined word is NOT appropriate in the context of the passage?
When the old lighthouse keeper died, the whole village mourned him. Hundreds of neighbors sent letters of ①condolence to his daughter, and she kept every one. The funeral was a ②somber event; even the children were quiet as the coffin was carried along the cliff. The mayor, usually a ③parsimonious man who argued over every coin in the budget, surprised everyone by paying for a new memorial stone. Later, the cruel rumors that blamed her for his death became her chief ④solace, leaving her unable to sleep for weeks. Still, she chose to ⑤consecrate the rest of her life to keeping the lighthouse running.
① condolence
② somber
③ parsimonious
④ solace
⑤ consecrate
11ⓓ 지문 속 부적절한 어휘2.5점
Which underlined word is NOT appropriate in the context of the passage?
Moving to the city was harder than the Parks had expected. Their landlord was a strict ①martinet who posted a list of forty rules beside the mailboxes. The building itself was ②decrepit: the elevator rattled, and paint peeled from every wall. Every evening, the neighbor upstairs practiced the same ③commodious tune on his violin. Still, the children refused to let the move ④stultify their curiosity, and they explored a new street every weekend. Within a year, the family’s early complaints had become funny stories that they told with ⑤unfeigned laughter.
① martinet
② decrepit
③ commodious
④ stultify
⑤ unfeigned
12ⓔ 지문 빈칸 완성2.5점
Choose the word that BEST completes the passage.
The night before her first concert, the young violinist could not sleep. She kept imagining a broken string, a forgotten passage, a silent hall. Her teacher told her that feeling ______ before a performance was normal; even famous musicians worry about what might go wrong.
① suave
② ingenuous
③ apprehensive
④ compatible
⑤ omnivorous
13ⓔ 지문 빈칸 완성2.5점
Choose the word that BEST completes the passage.
Many drivers treat GPS directions as ______, following them even when the road ahead is clearly flooded. But the system makes mistakes like any other tool, and drivers who never question it sometimes end up in rivers or on closed bridges.
① virulent
② truculent
③ altruistic
④ infallible
⑤ chivalrous
[Gould — Darwin’s Middle Road]
14구조·전환3.6점
Darwin is first named in the excerpt (¶7). According to the class, what have the paragraphs before it already done?
Gould ¶7In the hagiography of science, a few men hold such high positions that all arguments must apply to them if they are to have any validity. Charles Darwin, as the principal saint of evolutionary biology, has therefore been presented both as an inductivist and as a primary example of eurekaism. I will attempt to show that these interpretations are equally inadequate, and that recent scholarship on Darwin's own odyssey towards the theory of natural selection supports an intermediate position.
① They have shown that both extremes are simply false and must be thrown away entirely.
② They have used myth and proverb as ornament before the scientific argument proper begins.
③ They have quoted Darwin’s autobiography as the chief evidence for the inductivist reading.
④ They have sided with the eureka view, since inductivism had already lost its prestige.
⑤ They have set up two dangerous extremes and promised to look for a better middle.
15인용 의도·추론3.4점
According to the excerpt, why did Darwin describe his own method as purely inductive?
Gould ¶8So great was the prestige of inductivism in his own day, that Darwin himself fell under its sway and, as an old man, falsely depicted his youthful accomplishment in its light. In an autobiography, written as a lesson in morality for his children and not intended for publication, he penned some famous lines that misled historians for nearly a hundred years.
① He described his early method accurately, as Gould admits in this paragraph.
② Writing late in life, in an age that prized inductivism, he recast his youth in its terms.
③ He meant the autobiography as a public scientific record and so left out his theories.
④ His notebooks confirm that he gathered facts for years before forming any hypothesis.
⑤ He was trying to hide the sudden eureka he had felt while reading Malthus.
16NOT(불일치)3.8점
According to the class, which remark about Gould’s description of Darwin’s search is NOT accurate?
Gould ¶18It emerged instead as the result of a conscious and productive search, proceeding in a ramifying but ordered manner, and utilizing both the facts of natural history and an astonishingly broad range of insights from disparate disciplines far from his own. Darwin trod the middle path between inductivism and eurekaism. His genius is neither pedestrian nor inaccessible.
① “Pedestrian” here means ordinary, mechanical, and unimaginative.
② “Ramifying” describes thinking that spread into many branches, such as economics and statistics.
③ Gould suggests that Darwin’s creative process is too mysterious ever to be studied.
④ Darwin’s theory grew as hypotheses were created, tested, rejected, and revised.
⑤ The search spread widely, yet it was still organized rather than random.
17기능·효과3.8점
Why does Gould call the theory of natural selection “an extended analogy” to Adam Smith’s economics?
Gould ¶22The essence of Smith’s argument is a paradox of sorts: if you want an ordered economy providing maximal benefits to all, then let individuals compete and struggle for their own advantages. The result, after appropriate sorting and elimination of the inefficient, will be a stable and harmonious polity. Apparent order arises naturally from the struggle among individuals, not from predestined principles or higher control.
① Both picture order emerging from competing individuals, with no designer above.
② Borrowing an idea from another field is a flaw that Gould has to apologize for.
③ Gould shows that Darwin consciously modeled natural selection on Smith’s book.
④ Smith’s model worked in economics first, which is why it could be trusted in nature.
⑤ For Gould, biology works exactly like economics, so the two are one field.
18인용 의도·추론 · 로마숫자3.8점
The excerpt is Marx’s letter, which Gould quotes in ¶27. Which statements about ¶26–28 are accurate?
Gould ¶27It is remarkable how Darwin recognizes among beasts and plants his English society with its division of labor, competition, opening up of new markets, ‘invention,’ and the Malthusian ‘struggle for existence.’ It is Hobbes' bellum omnium contra omnes (the war of all against all).
I. ¶26 raises the worry that science loses integrity if its conclusions come by analogy from politics and culture.
II. Because “the war of all against all” sounds harsh, Marx’s words can seem to support that worry.
III. Gould concludes that great thinkers can be cleanly divorced from their social background.
IV. Gould presents Marx as an opponent who rejected Darwin’s theory because of its social origin.
① II and III only
② I, II, and III
③ I and IV only
④ I, III, and IV
⑤ I and II only
[Dickinson — Tell all the truth but tell it slant]
19NOT(불일치) · 시 ⓐ~ⓔ3.8점
According to the class, which remark about the underlined parts of the poem is NOT accurate?
Dickinson lines 1-81ⓐTell all the truth but tell it slant —2ⓑSuccess in Circuit lies3Too bright for our infirm Delight4The Truth's superb surprise5ⓒAs Lightning to the Children eased6With explanation kind7ⓓThe Truth must dazzle gradually8ⓔOr every man be blind —
① ⓐ is a line of iambic trimeter, three iambic feet, the shorter line of the hymn pattern
② ⓑ repeats the /s/ sound at the start of nearby words, an example of alliteration
③ ⓒ contains “Lightning,” one of the long-i words that create assonance with bright, kind, and blind
④ ⓓ was singled out by the class as probably the poem’s most important line
⑤ ⓔ gives the consequence of revealing the truth too directly
20수사·문학 용어3.4점
Which BEST describes the device that ties the excerpt to the rest of the poem, according to the class?
Dickinson lines 5-85As Lightning to the Children eased6With explanation kind7The Truth must dazzle gradually8Or every man be blind —
① An extended image of truth as a winding road, begun with “Circuit” and kept to the end.
② Personification of truth as a frightened child who must be calmed by adults.
③ An extended metaphor of truth as light: bright, Lightning, dazzle, blind.
④ Metonymy in which “blind” stands for the whole poem’s rhyme scheme.
⑤ A single simile in line 5 that compares truth to a storm and is then dropped.
21인용 의도·추론3.6점
What did the class point out about the word “Delight” in the excerpt?
Dickinson lines 3-43Too bright for our infirm Delight4The Truth's superb surprise
① It shows that too much truth harms our understanding but leaves our feelings unharmed.
② It suggests that the truth is too dim and hidden for people to notice at all.
③ It refers to the reader’s pleasure in rhyme, so the line praises the poem’s music.
④ It is described as “infirm” because the truth itself is weak and uncertain.
⑤ It takes the place of “eyes,” as if our capacity for delight were a sense organ.
[Carson — Ch. 1 A Fable for Tomorrow]
22기능·효과3.4점
What did the class find unusual about the chapter title “A Fable for Tomorrow”?
① The title hides the fact that the story is fiction until the reversal in ¶9.
② Fables usually look back, but this one looks ahead to a possible future.
③ Like most fables, it draws its lesson from a story set in the distant past.
④ Calling it a fable tells readers it is a documentary about one real town.
⑤ “Tomorrow” means the next day, when the blight will reach the town.
23수사·문학 용어3.6점
The class compared the silence in the excerpt with the deer that “silently crossed the fields” in ¶1. What is the point of the contrast?
Carson ¶4It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens and scores of other bird voices there were now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
① The early silence suggests peace, while this silence signals the absence of life.
② The early silence signals death, while this later silence signals peace.
③ The silence belongs to the townspeople, who no longer speak of the birds.
④ The silence is only literal; the class gave it no weight beyond the scene.
⑤ Both silences suggest the same peace, so the fable ends where it began.
24NOT(불일치)3.8점
Which comment on the excerpt is NOT consistent with the class’s review of Chapter 1?
Carson ¶1There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.
① “flamed and flickered” is alliteration that adds rhythm and musicality.
② “foxes barked in the hills” is auditory imagery, so the town is heard as well as seen.
③ “white clouds of bloom” is a metaphor picturing blossoms that float over the fields.
④ “in the heart of America” should be labeled a fresh, active metaphor, the boldest image here.
⑤ “a checkerboard of prosperous farms” is a metaphor that helps readers picture the fields from above.
[Carson — Ch. 2 The Obligation to Endure]
25기능·효과3.6점
What does Carson’s reference to the Bill of Rights in the excerpt accomplish?
Carson ¶24If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem.
① It blames private individuals while clearing public officials of responsibility.
② It turns exposure to poisons into a question of citizens’ rights and consent.
③ It keeps the issue purely scientific, a matter of how the poisons act on the body.
④ It argues that the founders deliberately chose to leave out protection from poisons.
⑤ It shows that the Bill of Rights already guarantees safety from lethal poisons.
26NOT(불일치)3.8점
Which statement about the excerpt is NOT supported by the class discussion of “an era of specialists”?
Carson ¶26There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged.
① The class linked this criticism of narrowness to Gould’s praise of breadth across fields.
② Carson argues that expertise itself is the problem, so specialists should simply be ignored.
③ In an era ruled by industry, the right to make money at any cost is seldom challenged.
④ Specialists may see their own problem yet miss the larger frame in which it fits.
⑤ Industry’s pursuit of profit is one reason those in charge cannot simply be trusted.
[Mansfield — Miss Brill]
27기능·효과3.4점
Why did the class call the first sentence of the excerpt a classic example of free indirect style?
Mansfield L.31-33Only two people shared her “special” seat: a fine old man in a velvet coat, his hands clasped over a huge carved walking-stick, and a big old woman, sitting upright, with a roll of knitting on her embroidered apron.
① The narrator calls the seat “special” to mock Miss Brill’s pride openly.
② The quotation marks show that other park-goers have given the seat that name.
③ “Special” is an objective fact: the park has reserved the seat for her.
④ The narrator reports a fact, but “special” carries Miss Brill’s own feeling about the seat.
⑤ The sentence is direct speech in which Miss Brill tells the old couple about her seat.
28인용 의도·추론3.6점
According to the class, what does the drum’s “The Brute! The Brute!” show?
Mansfield L.84-87The ermine toque was alone; she smiled more brightly than ever. But even the band seemed to know what she was feeling and played more softly, played tenderly, and the drum beat, “The Brute! The Brute!” over and over.
① That the gentleman in grey mocks the woman aloud just before he leaves.
② That the band deliberately changes its tune in order to comment on the scene.
③ That the ermine-toque woman calls the man a brute as he walks away from her.
④ Miss Brill’s own reading of the scene, filtered through her emotions.
⑤ The narrator’s objective judgment on the gentleman in grey and his rudeness.
29인용 의도·추론3.8점
What does the narrator’s comment “though what they understood she didn’t know” reveal?
Mansfield L.125-130And then she too, she too, and the others on the benches—they would come in with a kind of accompaniment—something low, that scarcely rose or fell, something so beautiful—moving. . . . And Miss Brill’s eyes filled with tears and she looked smiling at all the other members of the company. Yes, we understand, we understand, she thought—though what they understood she didn’t know.
① She and the other park-goers truly share one understanding of their lonely lives.
② She now clearly understands her loneliness but chooses to keep smiling.
③ She imagines shared understanding, but only the reader sees her loneliness.
④ The narrator confirms that everyone in the park is about to begin singing.
⑤ The repeated “she too, she too” shows her wish to stay a quiet spectator.
30인용 의도·추론 · 로마숫자3.8점
Which statements are accurate according to the class discussion of the story?
Mansfield L.106-110and it also explained why she had quite a queer, shy feeling at telling her English pupils how she spent her Sunday afternoons. No wonder! Miss Brill nearly laughed out loud. She was on the stage. She thought of the old invalid gentleman to whom she read the newspaper four afternoons a week while he slept in the garden.
I. That she teaches English is a fact the text states.
II. That she reads to an old man is a fact the text states.
III. That she is lonely is stated directly by the narrator in this passage.
IV. A strong answer should show both what is directly stated and what is inferred from it.
① I, II, and IV
② III and IV only
③ I and II only
④ I and III only
⑤ II, III, and IV