AP Human Geography — 1학기 기말 시험 원문과 분석

Which of the following best describes the Basques of Spain and France and the Kurds of the Middle East?

• ① They are stateless nations seeking self-determination through devolution or independence
• ② They have successfully established sovereign states through ethnic nationalism
• ③ They have abandoned their cultural identity through transculturation
• ④ They are defined primarily by religious identity rather than ethnic nationalism
• ⑤ They are recognized as official nation-states by the United Nations

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — 예상문제 #65(Catalonia·Basques·Kurds), #56(stateless nation)

Which of the following best describes the boundaries of a perceptual region?

• ① determined by a set of uniform physical or cultural characteristics across a particular area
• ② drawn around the functions that occur between a particular place and the surrounding area
• ③ determined by the portion of a particular area that has been modified by human activities
• ④ designated by the inclusion of a particular cultural characteristic
• ⑤ unclear because they allow for individual interpretation

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #6 (선지까지 동일)

Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970s. Later it spread to large cities with vibrant African American populations(such as Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit) without being absorbed by the smaller cities and rural areas in between. This type of spatial diffusion is called .

• ① relocation potential
• ② hierarchical diffusion
• ③ contagious diffusion
• ④ cultural diffusion
• ⑤ cascade diffusion

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #9 · 모의 #3 · 시험지 #3 (지문 동일)

원문 표기: 원문 'is called .' — 'called' 뒤 공백과 마침표만 인쇄됨(빈칸 밑줄 없음; 학생 필기 원이 겹쳐 있음). 'populations(such' 괄호 앞 공백 없음 원문대로.

[※Compare the two maps shown, answer the question 4~5]

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mercator projection?

• ① Distances on the Mercator projection are real and accurate
• ② The size of all countries is accurate, but the shape is distorted
• ③ Countries near the Equator appear 50 percent larger than countries in the middle latitudes
• ④ The projection is designed to maintain undistorted outlines of landmasses
• ⑤ The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated

6월 자료와 대조: C 노트에만 — 노트: "Conformal/Mercator, 고위도 면적 과장". 투영법 문항은 equal-area 1건뿐

[※Compare the two maps shown, answer the question 4~5]

Which of the following statements about the Robinson projection is correct?

• ① It is more useful for long-distance navigation than the Mercator projection
• ② It is better for making topographical maps than the Mercator projection
• ③ It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes
• ④ It is more useful for showing the distribution of human populations than the Mercator projection
• ⑤ It is better for estimating territorial sea in lower latitudes than the Mercator projection

6월 자료와 대조: D 6월 자료에 없음 — "Robinson" 전 자료 0회

Which of the following would a geographer most likely use to describe Paris as a "place"?

• ① Paris's geographic coordinates
• ② the position of Paris relative to the Seine River
• ③ the highways connecting Paris to the rest of France
• ④ Parisians' love for pain au chocolat (chocolate croissants)
• ⑤ Paris's location relative to London

6월 자료와 대조: C 노트에만 — 개념정리본 TIP: "파리 사람들의 초콜릿 크루아상 사랑 = place"

※ [Use the model below to answer questions 7~8.]

Referring to the demographic transition model, the country of Nigeria, with a birth rate of 36 and a death rate of 16, would be in which phase of the model?

• ① Phase 1
• ② Phase 2
• ③ Phase 3
• ④ Phase 4
• ⑤ None of the phases depicted

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #19 · 모의 #7 · 시험지 #5

※ [Use the model below to answer questions 7~8.]

A contemporary geographer analyzing a country currently positioned in Phase 3 would most likely observe which of the following societal changes?

• ① A sudden drop in the death rate due to the introduction of basic medical technology and sanitation
• ② A decline in the birth rate due to increasing urbanization, female education, and changing economic opportunities for women
• ③ A high total fertility rate driven by a predominantly agricultural economy
• ④ A stationary population size where birth rates and death rates are equal
• ⑤ A negative natural increase rate caused by an aging population

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #15(출산율 하락 원인) · 개념정리본 DTM 표

Which of the following correctly matches a racial or ethnic group with its spatial distribution in the United States?

• ① African Americans are clustered in the Northeast due to historical forced migration
• ② Asian Americans are concentrated in the Western United States and Hawaii due to geographical proximity to Asia
• ③ Native Americans are evenly dispersed throughout the United States
• ④ Hispanic Americans remain heavily concentrated in the Southeast due to cultural ties to Latin America
• ⑤ African Americans have a dispersed distribution with no connection to historical migration patterns

6월 자료와 대조: D 6월 자료에 없음 — 흑인·히스패닉·아시아계 분포 관련 문항·노트 0

Based on the graph, which of the following statements about regional population trends is NOT correct?

• ① Global population grew rapidly from 1950 to 2000
• ② Global population more than doubled from 1950 to 2025
• ③ World population is predicted to level off at about 12 billion
• ④ From 2025 to 2050, global population is predicted to grow mainly in Latin America
• ⑤ Core Countries maintain a stable, near zero population growth rate throughout the projection period

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #14(1950년 이후 세계 인구, 같은 계열 그래프). 선지는 다름

원문 표기: NOT은 인쇄 밑줄. 세로축 눈금이 원문에서 '…7, 6, 6, 5…'로 6이 두 번 인쇄됨(원문 그대로).

In the demographic transition model, population growth in phase 4 shows countries mostly attributed to  (A) , whereas phase 2 countries typically grow as a result of  (B) .

• ① immigration | natural increase
• ② education | political incentives
• ③ pronatalist policies | natural increase
• ④ religion | gender imbalance
• ⑤ natural increase | education

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #18(Phase별 출산율), 개념정리본 "Phase 4 성장은 이민"

Which of the following concepts best explains the emigration of a large number of Swedes from Sweden to Minnesota in the USA as a result of communications from friends and relatives who had preceded them there?

• ① step migration
• ② net migration
• ③ couterurbanization
• ④ internal migration
• ⑤ chain migration

6월 자료와 대조: C 노트에만 — 노트: "Chain migration(연쇄)·Step(단계)" 용어만

원문 표기: ③ 'couterurbanization' 원문 철자 그대로(counterurbanization 오기). 문항번호 12와 ⑤ 번호는 학생 체크 표시로 일부 가려졌으나 순서상 확정.

Which of the following best explains why Christianity is considered a universalizing religion?

• ① Christianity originated in Southwest Asia and remains clustered in that region today
• ② Christianity is practiced primarily by people of European descent
• ③ Christianity is concentrated in the Americas and has little presence elsewhere
• ④ Christianity actively seeks converts and is distributed across diverse ethnic groups worldwide
• ⑤ Christianity shares its Holy Scripture with Islam and Judaism

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #38(universalizing vs ethnic)

Which of the following demographic characteristics is shared by Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Somalia?

• ① low crude death rates
• ② high net in-migration rates
• ③ high total fertility rates
• ④ high human development indexes
• ⑤ low infant mortality rates

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #13 · 모의 #5 · 시험지 #13

Which language family has the most widespread global distribution?

• ① Sino-Tibetan
• ② Afro-Asiatic
• ③ Indo-European
• ④ Austronesian
• ⑤ Niger-Congo

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #36(Indo-European·Sino-Tibetan 75%)

According to UNCLOS, which of the following is NOT an exclusive right of a coastal state within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?

• ① The right to extract oil and gas
• ② The right to explore for oil and gas
• ③ The right to explore mineral resources
• ④ The right to conduct fishing activities
• ⑤ The right to control foreign warships

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #75(EEZ 옳지 않은 것) · 개념정리본 UNCLOS

When a group of people have a recognized common cultural identity, they are considered a  (A)  as opposed to a  (B) , which is a country with recognized political boundaries.

• ① territory | state
• ② nation | territory
• ③ state | territory
• ④ nation | state
• ⑤ territory | nation

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #52 · 모의 #20 · 시험지 #16

원문 표기: (A)(B)는 밑줄 빈칸(학생이 (A) 칸에 'nation' 필기 — 제외). 선지는 (A)열 | (B)열 표 형식(열 머리 밑줄). 'boundaries.【3.5점】' 원문은 마침표로 끝남.

Which of the following terms best describes many of Africa's national boundaries, which were drawn and imposed during the colonial era, and now fail to reflect cultural patterns?

• ① Superimposed boundaries
• ② Subsequent boundaries
• ③ Antecedent boundaries
• ④ Physical boundaries
• ⑤ Relic boundaries

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #53 · 모의 #21 · 시험지 #17

Which of the following best describes the countries of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, which split up and formed their own independent states after the end of the Cold War?

• ① Unionization
• ② Irredentism
• ③ Failed states
• ④ Balkanization
• ⑤ Supranationalism

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #60 (같은 서술)

Which of the following describes a federal form of governance?

• ① A centralized government creates a barrier to local participation in the political process
• ② Autonomous regions have no connection to the central government
• ③ Federal states encourage devolutionary movements and break apart quickly
• ④ The central government requires all regions to use one official language
• ⑤ Multiple state governments have local control and are unified to pursue common goals at the national level

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #55(Mexico federal) · #58(France unitary)

Which of the following is the correct organizational scale for the Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS)?

• ① Global
• ② Supranational
• ③ National
• ④ State
• ⑤ Local

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #64(supranational org) · 개념정리본에 ECOWAS 나열

원문 표기: 선지 5개가 한 줄에 인쇄됨. 지도 제목 'ECOMOMIC' 원문 철자 그대로(ECONOMIC 오기). ② 번호는 학생 체크 표시로 가려졌으나 순서상 확정. 문항번호 '21'의 '2'도 학생 사선이 겹침.

Which of the following best describes the global distribution of a religion shown on the map?

• ① Buddhism has a dispersed pattern in the Middle East
• ② Judaism has a dispersed pattern in Asia
• ③ Hinduism is clustered in South Asia
• ④ Christianity is clustered in the East Asia
• ⑤ Islam is clustered in South America

6월 자료와 대조: C 노트에만 — #45 · 노트의 종교 발상지 표. 지도 판독 문항은 없음

원문 표기: ④ 'clustered in the East Asia' 원문 그대로.

Which of the following best describes the former international border between East Germany and West Germany?

• ① a relic boundary
• ② a geometric boundary
• ③ Subsequent boundaries
• ④ an antecedent boundary
• ⑤ Superimposed boundaries

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #57(Berlin Wall = relic boundary)

원문 표기: 선지 대소문자·단복수 혼재 원문 그대로.

Which of the following defines the concept of a nation-state?

• ① cultural group without political sovereignty or a recognized state
• ② sovereign state that contains two or more distinct nations
• ③ sovereign state whose population shares a common national identity
• ④ nation whose people are spread across multiple sovereign states
• ⑤ defined area within a state with limited self-governing powers

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #52, #56

Under UNCLOS, which of the following qualifies as innocent passage through a coastal state's territorial sea? (None of the following activities had prior authorization from the coastal state.)

• ① A foreign ship doing scientific research on the ocean while passing through the sea
• ② A submarine traveling underwater through another country's territorial waters
• ③ A foreign warship conducting weapons exercises while passing through the sea
• ④ A trading ship moving through the sea quickly and without interruption
• ⑤ A foreign fishing boat actively fishing while passing through the sea

6월 자료와 대조: B 같은 개념 — #77(한국어 무해통항) · 개념정리본 "Art.18 continuous & expeditious"

Which of the following religions has gathering places that have minarets as a defining architectural feature?

• ① Judaism
• ② Islam
• ③ Christianity
• ④ Buddhism
• ⑤ Hinduism

6월 자료와 대조: A 같은 문항(6월 자료) — 예상문제 #42 (선지 동일)

Identify the hearth of Islam and describe the main branches within the religion.

단어 은행: Southwest Asia (Palestine) · Southwest Asia (Mecca) · South Asia (Nepal) · Roman Catholic · Protestant · Shiite · Vajrayana · Sunni · Orthodox · Mahayana · Theravada

Identify the hearth of Buddhism and describe the main branches within the religion.

단어 은행: Southwest Asia (Palestine) · Southwest Asia (Mecca) · South Asia (Nepal) · Roman Catholic · Protestant · Shiite · Vajrayana · Sunni · Orthodox · Mahayana · Theravada

Identify the hearth of Christianity and describe the main branches within the religion.

단어 은행: Southwest Asia (Palestine) · Southwest Asia (Mecca) · South Asia (Nepal) · Roman Catholic · Protestant · Shiite · Vajrayana · Sunni · Orthodox · Mahayana · Theravada