RJ 유제선 — 2025 기출 22~36번Updated 2026-04-21

실제 문제 + 풀이 + 출제 패턴 분석 | 2025학년도 1학기 1차 지필평가 영어I

중요 섹션 체크 → 필터로 집중 복습

섹션 1: 출제 패턴 요약

10가지 핵심 출제 특징

  1. 실제 문학작품 출제 — Dylan Thomas 시 전문 + 수사적 장치 분석
  2. 시의 형식(villanelle) 분석 — refrain, stanza 구조 문제 출제
  3. Oxymoron/Alliteration 등 수사적 장치 식별 — 시에서 구체적 행(line)을 찾아야 함
  4. Sitcom/극본 기반 추론 — 대화문에서 캐릭터 의도/태도 추론
  5. "CAN be inferred"·추론 유형 핵심 출제 — 명시되지 않은 것을 추론해야 함
  6. 두 지문 비교/대조 — 같은 주제의 다른 글을 비교 분석
  7. 인용(quotation) 효과 분석 — 저자가 왜 특정 인용을 사용했는가
  8. 밑줄 어휘/표현의 문맥적 의미 해석 — connotation + context
  9. Matthew Effect — 학술 개념을 지문에 포함하여 비판적 사고 요구
  10. NOT/INCONSISTENT 유형 객관식 포함 — 전 문항 5지선다 객관식으로 구성

배점 분포

배점문항 수해당 문항
3.2점6문항Q22, Q26, Q27, Q28, Q31, Q36
3.5점5문항Q23, Q25, Q32, Q34, Q35
3.7점4문항Q24, Q29, Q30, Q33

지문 구성 (5개 지문)

#지문유형관련 문항
1비문학 (역사 해석 — 과거와 미래의 관계)비문학 독해Q22
2Kim's Convenience sitcom script (2장면)대화문/극본Q23, Q24
3Dylan Thomas "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night"시 (villanelle)Q25~Q28
4Science and extinction theories (Stephen Jay Gould)비문학 독해Q29, Q30
5Testicular theory / Overdose / Alvarez hypothesis + Matthew Effect비문학 독해Q31~Q36

문제 유형 분류

유형문항난이도
추론 "What CAN be inferred"Q22, Q23중상
NOT 유형 "Which is NOT correct"Q25중
BEST describes (전략/관점)Q29, Q35상
내용 일치 "Which is CORRECT"Q31중
밑줄 해석 "CORRECTLY interprets"Q34상
수사적 장치 식별 (alliteration)Q27상
구절 의미 해석Q28상
Refrain 기능 분석Q26중상
밑줄 어휘 효과/톤Q32상
인용 효과 분석Q33상
두 지문 비교Q24, Q30최상
NOT appropriate 어휘Q36중

섹션 2: 15문항 실제 문제 + 풀이

22번 CAN be inferred — 추론 3.2점

♣ Question 22 is based on the following passage.

Despite the difference between the past and the future, between what has happened and what is to come, it can be suggested that our sense of the past has always been influenced by our view of the future. Revolutionaries have always looked to the past to frame their future cause, as is amply illustrated by examples from nationalism to communism. The future has often been seen as variously a recovery of a lost time, as a replication of what is established, or as a model bequeathed by a heroic age long gone. The writing of history is based on understanding or explaining future outcomes that were not known to contemporaries, since the historian has the benefit of hindsight and the past is nothing more than the accumulation of futures that are now our past. So, rather than see the hand of the past always shaping the future, perhaps it can be seen in reverse, with the past—in the sense of our understanding of it—being shaped by our orientation to the future.

문제: What CAN be inferred from the passage above?

① Revolutionary movements rarely connect their goals to any historical references.

② The meaning of the past remains fixed regardless of our future-oriented thinking.

③ The past is generally viewed as a neutral sequence of events without future influence.

④ Our interpretation of past events is often shaped by what we hope to achieve in the future.

⑤ Historians typically treat the past as completely independent from future expectations.

정답: ④

RJ 패턴: "CAN be inferred" 추론 유형 — RJ 선생님의 시그니처 출제 유형

왜 이 패턴인가: 지문에 직접 명시되지 않은 내용을 논리적으로 도출해야 함

정답 근거: "the past—in the sense of our understanding of it—being shaped by our orientation to the future"에서 과거 해석이 미래 지향에 의해 형성된다는 것을 직접 추론 가능

오답 분석:

♣ Questions 23~24 are based on the following sitcom script from Kim's Convenience by Ins Choi & Kevin White.

< Scene #01 >
MAN: Hit me with one of them scratch-and-wins.
MR.KIM: Is that one you car?
MAN: Huh? Which one?
MR.KIM: Red Toyota, no-parking zone. Is that one you car?
MAN: No, man. I don't even own a car. I'll take these two.
MR.KIM: Hmm. If you don't have car, why you ask "Which one?" when I ask, "Is that one you car?"
MAN: I don't know. I don't even know what you're talking about.
JANET: Here's your lunch, Appa.
MR.KIM: Okay, see you.
MR.KIM: Janet, call police.
JANET: What happened?
MR.KIM: Car is no-parking zone. Talk to police.
JANET: Let me guess. It's a Honda?
MR.KIM: No.
JANET: Mitsubishi?
MR.KIM: No. Okay, it's a Toyota, but still, no-parking zone!
JANET: How many times do I have to tell you, Appa? Japanese people aren't the only ones driving Japanese cars.
MR.KIM: Janet, 1910, Japan attack Korea. You buy Japanese, you is guilty by associationship.
JANET: What about your Canon SLR camera?
MR.KIM: Appa get half price.
JANET: Your money still went to Japan.
MR.KIM: Half price, I rip off Japan. Talk to police.
JANET: Uh, why don't you just call them yourself?
MR.KIM: Police hear accent, they don't take serious.
JANET: Appa
MR.KIM: Janet! 1910, Japan attack Korea
JANET: Okay, okay. I'll call.
MR.KIM: Yeah. Never mind. Cancel order, we don't need.
< Scene #02 >
SHANNON: Jung, we need to talk. A reporter called this morning asking about what happened with Kimchee at the staff party.
JUNG: Wait — a reporter? Who? From which paper?
SHANNON: I'm not going to tell you that. You don't need to know. What you do need to know is that head office hasn't heard about this yet, and I'd like to keep it that way. So go fix it with Kimchee before it blows up.
JUNG: Look, it was just a prank. Korean kids like to do this kind of thing to each other — it's not a big deal.
SHANNON: Honestly? The way you describe it, it even sounds kind of fun. But "fun" doesn't matter if a reporter is sniffing around. Sort it out. Today.
JUNG: Okay, okay. I'll talk to Kimchee.
23번 CAN be inferred — 대화문 추론 3.5점

문제: Which of the following statements CAN be inferred from the script?

① MR.KIM is reluctant to call the police, for his foreign accent might have them take it trivial.

② Given that MR.KIM finds it okay for a Hyundai car to park in the no-parking zone, he is generous and tolerant.

③ SHANNON warns JUNG that he should keep the identity of the reporter unknown.

④ SHANNON recommends that JUNG resolve the situation with KIMCHEE as the head office is cognizant of the incident.

⑤ JUNG defends himself by arguing what he did was a prank and is widespread among his colleagues.

정답: ①

RJ 패턴: "CAN be inferred" — 극본(sitcom) 대화에서 캐릭터 의도 추론

왜 이 패턴인가: 대사의 문자적 의미를 넘어 캐릭터의 숨은 의도/감정을 추론해야 함

정답 근거: Scene #01에서 MR.KIM이 "Police hear accent, they don't take serious"라고 직접 언급 → 외국인 억양 때문에 경찰이 진지하게 받아들이지 않을 것을 우려

오답 분석:

24번 지문 비교 — APPROPRIATE analysis 3.7점

문제: Based on the passage below, which of the following demonstrates an APPROPRIATE analysis regarding the script?

Since their start in the early 1950s U.S. television sitcoms have charted many of the social conflicts in U.S. society: civil rights, women's rights in the home and in the workplace, children's rights, immigration and multiculturalism, as well as evolving conceptions of the family. Each of these issues has been addressed through humour in a way that has helped to make more progressive values more acceptable than previously. Often a character, usually someone marked as a bigot, resisted one or more of these developments and was then made to appear ridiculous. They were cut down either through their own stupidity, a brief scolding from others, or both. In this way, the humour of sitcoms acted as a cost-effective means to encourage acceptance of a more pluralistic and tolerant society.

① Among various social conflicts, <Scene #01> tells that the sitcom above sheds light on issues related to immigrants.

② The conversation in <Scene #01> illustrates that the severity of social conflict varies from person to person.

③ MR.KIM having purchased a Japanese camera despite his hatred toward Japan shows that he strives to pursue multiculturalism.

④ In <Scene #02>, SHANNON is depicted as a bigot who regards Korean culture religion-centered.

⑤ JUNG appears ridiculous and stupid, unable to properly elaborate on his cultural background in <Scene #02>.

정답: ①

RJ 패턴: 비평문(passage)을 읽고 극본(script)에 적용하는 교차 분석

왜 이 패턴인가: 학술 텍스트의 이론적 틀을 실제 작품에 적용하는 고차 분석력 요구 — RJ 선생님의 최고 난이도 유형

정답 근거: 비평문은 sitcom이 "immigration and multiculturalism" 등 사회 갈등을 다룬다고 설명. Scene #01에서 MR.KIM은 이민자로서 언어 장벽(accent), 문화적 편견(일본 제품 불매) 등 이민자 관련 이슈를 보여줌

오답 분석:

♣ Questions 25~28 are based on the following villanelle by Dylan Thomas.

Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

Do not go gentle into that good night,

Old age should burn and rave at close of day;

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.


Though wise men at their end know dark is right,

Because their words had forked no lightning they

Do not go gentle into that good night.


Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright

Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.


Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,

And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,

Do not go gentle into that good night.


Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight

Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.


And you, my father, there on the sad height,

Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.

Do not go gentle into that good night.

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

25번 NOT correct — 시 내용 이해 3.5점

※ 시 전문은 위 ♣ 박스 참조

문제: Which of the following is NOT correct about the poem?

① The poem portrays death metaphorically as something gentle, inevitable, and peaceful.

② Dylan Thomas urges his father to resist death passionately, rather than accept it calmly.

③ The poem contrasts different types of men to show that only those who feel unsuccessful resist death.

④ The poem expresses the regret people feel upon realizing life's opportunities are fleeting.

⑤ The repetition of lines enhances the emotional urgency and defiant tone of the poem.

정답: ③

RJ 패턴: NOT correct — 시 전체에 대한 포괄적 이해 확인

왜 이 패턴인가: 하나의 잘못된 진술을 찾으려면 시 전체를 정확히 이해해야 함

정답 근거: 시는 wise men, good men, wild men, grave men 등 모든 유형의 인간이 죽음에 저항한다고 말함. 시는 wise/good/wild/grave 모든 유형을 언급하므로 "only those who feel unsuccessful"는 범위를 부당하게 축소하여 시의 메시지를 왜곡함

오답 분석 (모두 correct한 진술):

26번 Refrain 기능 분석 3.2점

문제: The two refrains of the poem primarily serve to:

① calm the reader with reassuring imagery

② emphasize the inevitability of death

③ suggest the wisdom in accepting one's fate

④ highlight the poet's urgent plea for resistance

⑤ demonstrate the poet's mixed feelings toward dying

정답: ④

RJ 패턴: 시적 장치(refrain)의 기능/효과 분석

왜 이 패턴인가: villanelle의 형식적 특징(두 개의 refrain)이 내용과 어떻게 연결되는지를 묻는 문학 분석 문제

정답 근거: 두 refrain은 "Do not go gentle into that good night"과 "Rage, rage against the dying of the light" — 둘 다 죽음에 대한 저항을 촉구하는 내용. 반복을 통해 시인의 절박한(urgent) 호소를 강조

오답 분석:

27번 수사적 장치 — Alliteration 식별 3.2점

문제: Which of the following lines from the poem contains an example of alliteration?

I. "Rage, rage against the dying of the light" II. "Though wise men at their end know dark is right," III. "Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay" IV. "Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright" V. "Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray"

① I and II only

② II and III only

③ III and V only

④ II, III and V only

⑤ I, II, III and V only

정답: ③

RJ 패턴: 수사적 장치(alliteration) 식별 — 구체적 행에서 찾기

왜 이 패턴인가: 문학 용어의 정확한 정의를 알고 실제 텍스트에 적용할 수 있는지 평가

Alliteration 정의: 인접한 단어들의 첫 자음이 같은 소리를 반복

정답 근거:

오답 분석:

28번 구절 의미 해석 3.2점

문제: In stanza 2, the phrase "their words had forked no lightning" primarily suggests that the "wise men":

① failed to achieve fame and recognition

② experienced difficulty communicating clearly

③ had power but misused their authority

④ spoke angrily and passionately

⑤ regret not having a significant impact on the world

정답: ⑤

RJ 패턴: 시적 표현의 비유적 의미 해석

왜 이 패턴인가: 은유적 표현("forked no lightning")을 문맥 속에서 해석하는 능력 평가

정답 근거: "forked no lightning" = 번개를 갈라놓지 못했다 = 세상에 큰 영향(impact)을 미치지 못했다는 후회. lightning은 강력한 영향력의 은유. 이 때문에 wise men도 죽음에 순순히 가지 않는다

오답 분석:

♣ Questions 29~30 are based on the following passage.

Science, in its most fundamental definition, is a fruitful mode of inquiry, not a list of enticing conclusions. The conclusions are the consequence, not the essence. My greatest unhappiness with most popular presentations of science concerns their failure to separate fascinating claims from the methods that scientists use to establish the facts of nature. Journalists, and the public, thrive on controversial and stunning statements. But science is, basically, a way of knowing—in P.B. Medawar's apt words, "the art of the soluble." If the growing corps of popular science writers would focus on how scientists develop and defend those fascinating claims, they would make their greatest possible contribution to public understanding.

Consider three ideas, proposed in perfect seriousness to explain that greatest of all titillating puzzles—the extinction of dinosaurs. Since these three notions invoke the primarily fascinating themes of our culture—sex, drugs, and violence—they surely reside in the category of fascinating claims. I want to show why two of them rank as silly speculation, while the other represents science at its grandest and most useful.

Science works with testable proposals. If, after much compilation and scrutiny of data, new information continues to affirm a hypothesis, we may accept it provisionally and gain confidence as further evidence mounts. We can never be completely sure that a hypothesis is right, though we may be able to show with confidence that it is wrong. The best scientific hypotheses are also generous and expansive; they suggest extensions and implications that enlighten related, and even far distance, subjects. Simply consider how the idea of evolution has influenced virtually every intellectual field.

Useless speculation, on the other hand, is restrictive. It generates no testable hypothesis, and offers no way to obtain potentially refuting evidence. Please note that I am not speaking of truth or falsity. The speculation may well be true; still, if it provides, in principle, no material for affirmation or rejection, we can make nothing of it. It must simply stand forever as an intriguing idea. Useless speculation turns in on itself and leads nowhere; good science, containing both seeds for its potential refutation and implications for more and different testable knowledge, reaches out.
29번 BEST describes — 저자 전략 분석 3.7점
Science, in its most fundamental definition, is a fruitful mode of inquiry, not a list of enticing conclusions. The conclusions are the consequence, not the essence. My greatest unhappiness with most popular presentations of science concerns their failure to separate fascinating claims from the methods that scientists use to establish the facts of nature... Consider three ideas, proposed in perfect seriousness to explain that greatest of all titillating puzzles—the extinction of dinosaurs. Since these three notions invoke the primarily fascinating themes of our culture—sex, drugs, and violence—they surely reside in the category of fascinating claims. I want to show why two of them rank as silly speculation, while the other represents science at its grandest and most useful. Science works with testable proposals... The best scientific hypotheses are also generous and expansive... Useless speculation, on the other hand, is restrictive. It generates no testable hypothesis, and offers no way to obtain potentially refuting evidence...

문제: Which of the following BEST describes the author's strategy in the passage above?

① He relies on anecdotal evidence to demonstrate the validity of controversial scientific theories.

② He compares outdated and modern theories of extinction to show the evolution of scientific thought.

③ He defines key concepts, critiques public understanding, and introduces bold examples to frame his argument.

④ He questions the legitimacy of scientific method by presenting theories that lack empirical evidence.

⑤ He narrates a personal story to illustrate the process of scientific experimentation.

정답: ③

RJ 패턴: "BEST describes" — 저자의 글쓰기 전략/수사적 구조 분석

왜 이 패턴인가: 내용이 아닌 구조와 전략을 파악하는 메타 분석 능력 요구

정답 근거: 저자(Stephen Jay Gould)는 (1) 과학의 정의를 제시하고(defines key concepts), (2) 대중의 과학 이해를 비판하며(critiques public understanding), (3) 공룡 멸종 이론이라는 도발적 예시를 도입함(bold examples to frame his argument)

오답 분석:

30번 두 지문 비교 — shared perspective 3.7점

문제: Compare the passage above with the following passage that also explores the nature of scientific knowledge. Based on the two passages, which statement BEST describes a shared perspective on the difference between speculation and science?

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation. However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories. As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of "learning loop" emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating...

① Both passages suggest that speculation has no role in science and should be discouraged entirely.

② Both passages argue that scientific hypotheses are only valuable if they are generated through Bayesian statistical modeling.

③ Both passages emphasize that science must involve testing ideas against evidence in order to transform speculation into knowledge.

④ Both passages suggest that science is a purely logical process, separate from creativity or philosophical invention.

⑤ Both passages assert that the popularity of an idea is a strong indicator of its scientific merit.

정답: ③

RJ 패턴: 두 지문 비교/대조 — "shared perspective" 찾기 (최상 난이도)

왜 이 패턴인가: 두 텍스트의 공통점을 추출하는 고차 분석력 요구. RJ 선생님이 가장 높은 배점을 부여하는 유형

정답 근거:

오답 분석:

♣ Question 31 is based on the following passage.

The testicular theory, an old favorite from the 1940s, had its root in an interesting and thoroughly respectable study of temperature tolerances in the American alligator, published in the staid Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History in 1946 by three experts on living and fossil reptiles—E.H. Colbert, my own first teacher in paleontology; R.B. Cowles; and C.M. Bogert.

The first sentence of their summary reveals a purpose beyond alligators: "This report describes an attempt to infer the reactions of extinct reptiles, especially the dinosaurs, to high temperatures as based upon reactions observed in the modern alligator." They studied, by rectal thermometry, the body temperatures of alligators under changing conditions of heating and cooling. The predictions under test go way back to an old theory first stated by Galileo in the 1630s—the unequal scaling of surfaces and volumes. As an animal, or any object, grows (provided its shape doesn't change), surface areas must increase more slowly than volumes—since surfaces get larger as length squared, while volumes increase much more rapidly, as length cubed. Therefore, small animals have high ratios of surface to volume, while large animals cover themselves with relatively little surface.

Among cold-blooded animals lacking any physiological mechanism for keeping their temperatures constant, small creatures have a hell of a time keeping warm—because they lose so much heat through their relatively large surfaces. On the other hand, large animals, with their relatively small surfaces, may lose heat so slowly that, once warm, they may maintain effectively constant temperatures against ordinary fluctuations of climate.

Colbert, Cowles, and Bogert compared the warming rates of small and large alligators. As predicted, the small fellows heated up (and cooled down) more quickly. When exposed to a warm sun, a tiny 50-gram (1.76 ounce) alligator heated up one degree Celsius every minute and a half, while a large alligator, 260 times bigger at 13,000 grams (28.7 pounds), took seven and a half minutes to gain a degree.
31번 CORRECT — 내용 일치 3.2점
[Testicular Theory 지문 요약] The testicular theory had its root in a study of temperature tolerances in the American alligator (1946, Colbert, Cowles, Bogert). They studied body temperatures of alligators under changing conditions. Small alligators heated up more quickly than large ones. Cowles suggested a rise in global temperatures caused dinosaurs to overheat, and since testes function in a narrow range of temperature, this might have sterilized all males. Colbert and Bogert explicitly disavowed this speculative extension.

문제: Which of the following is CORRECT about the testicular theory as described in the passage?

① It was widely accepted by all three original authors as the most plausible explanation for dinosaur extinction.

② It originated from a detailed study of heat regulation in modern alligators and was later extended to dinosaurs.

③ It proposed that dinosaurs were warm-blooded creatures incapable of adapting to environmental changes.

④ It was based on direct fossil evidence showing heat damage to reproductive organs in large reptiles.

⑤ It concluded that overheating led directly to death in adult dinosaurs due to poor temperature control.

정답: ②

RJ 패턴: "CORRECT" — 지문 세부 내용의 정확한 이해

왜 이 패턴인가: 긴 과학 지문에서 사실관계를 정확히 파악하는지 확인

정답 근거: "had its root in an interesting and thoroughly respectable study of temperature tolerances in the American alligator" → 악어 연구에서 시작. Cowles가 이를 공룡에 확장(extended)

오답 분석:

♣ Questions 32~33 are based on the following passage.

The overdose theory has recently been supported by UCLA psychiatrist Ronald K. Siegel. Siegel has gathered, he claims, more than 2,000 records of animals who, when given access, administer various drugs to themselves—from a mere swig of alcohol to massive doses of the big H. Elephants will swill the equivalent of twenty beers at a time, but do not like alcohol in concentrations greater than 7 percent. In a silly bit of anthropocentric speculation, Siegel states that "elephants drink, perhaps, to forget…the anxiety produced by shrinking rangeland and the competition for food."

Since fertile imaginations can apply almost any hot idea to the extinction of dinosaurs, Siegel found a way. Flowering plants did not evolve until late in the dinosaurs' reign. These plants also produced an array of aromatic, amino-acid-based alkaloids—the major group of psychoactive agents. Most mammals are "smart" enough to avoid these potential poisons. The alkaloids simply don't taste good (they are bitter); in any case, we mammals have livers happily supplied with the capacity to detoxify them. But, Siegel speculates, perhaps dinosaurs could neither taste the bitterness nor detoxify the substances once ingested. He recently told members of the American Psychological Association: "I'm not suggesting that all dinosaurs OD'd on plant drugs, but it certainly was a factor." He also argued that death by overdose may help explain why so many dinosaur fossils are found in contorted positions. (Do not go gentle into that good night.)
32번 밑줄 어휘의 효과/톤 분석 3.5점
[Overdose Theory 지문 — 핵심 밑줄 표현들] "In a silly bit of anthropocentric speculation..." "Since fertile imaginations can apply almost any hot idea to the extinction of dinosaurs, Siegel found a way."

문제: Which of the following BEST captures the effect of the underlined words in describing Siegel's overdose theory?

① They suggest that the author finds the theory imaginative and thought-provoking.

② They reflect the author's neutral stance toward speculative theories.

③ They suggest the author's admiration for Siegel's creative approach, even if he disagrees with the outcome.

④ Their connotative meanings reflect the author's mocking and dismissive tone.

⑤ They imply that the author thinks the theory is new and deserving of attention.

정답: ④

RJ 패턴: 밑줄 어휘/표현의 함축적 의미(connotation)와 저자 태도(tone) 분석

왜 이 패턴인가: 단어의 사전적 의미가 아닌 문맥 속 함축적 의미를 통해 저자의 태도를 읽어내야 함

정답 근거: "silly bit"은 직접적으로 어리석다는 평가, "fertile imaginations"은 아이러니(과도한 상상력 비꼬기), "hot idea"는 과학적 근거 없이 인기만 있는 이론을 비꼬는 표현 → 전체적으로 mocking and dismissive

오답 분석:

33번 인용(quotation) 효과 분석 3.7점
[Alvarez 가설 요약] Luis and Walter Alvarez proposed in 1980 that a massive asteroid, roughly ten kilometers in diameter, struck the Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period. They based this claim on an anomalous concentration of iridium—an element rare in Earth's crust but abundant in meteorites—found in a thin clay layer at the K-Pg boundary worldwide. The impact, they argued, threw enough dust and debris into the atmosphere to block sunlight for months, collapsing food chains and driving the dinosaurs (along with most other species) to extinction.

문제: What is the effect of the author's use of Dylan Thomas's poetic lines in his discussion of the overdose and asteroid theories?

Overdose theory 끝: "(Do not go gentle into that good night.)"
Asteroid theory: "(Rage, rage against the dying of the light.)"

① They add emotional language to make both theories seem more convincing.

② They create a consistent tone of mourning and reverence throughout both theories.

③ They function as neutral literary references to enhance the credibility of both theories.

④ They suggest that both theories are equally poetic and therefore equally speculative.

⑤ They highlight the contrast between an implausible idea and a powerful, evidence-based explanation.

정답: ⑤

RJ 패턴: 인용(quotation)의 수사적 효과 분석 — RJ 선생님의 핵심 출제 특징

왜 이 패턴인가: 저자가 왜 같은 시의 다른 행을 다른 맥락에 사용했는지를 분석하는 고차 문학 비평 능력 요구

정답 근거:

오답 분석:

♣ Questions 34~35 are based on the following passage.

Cowles proposed his testicular hypothesis in the mid-1940s. Where has it gone since then? Absolutely nowhere, because scientists can do nothing with it. The hypothesis must stand as a curious ⓐ appendage to a solid study of alligators. Siegel's overdose scenario will also win a few press notices and fade into oblivion—another footnote about fried testicles or ⓑ terminal trips, and little else. The Alvarezes' asteroid hypothesis, by contrast, has generated hundreds of studies and seems to be holding up remarkably well. Geologists are ⓒ fired up, racing from one outcrop to another and arguing deep into the night over core samples and iridium profiles. Every week exposes ⓓ a new wrinkle—a revised estimate of impact energy, a previously unrecognized shocked-quartz horizon, a reinterpreted extinction curve—that forces researchers to sharpen, rather than abandon, the basic picture. Above all, the hypothesis has produced the kind of unexpected, distant ⓔ cross-fertilization that good science engenders, drawing astronomers, climatologists, chemists, and paleontologists into a single conversation about how life and the planet have been shaped by impacts from space.
34번 CORRECTLY interprets — 밑줄 해석 3.5점

문제: Which of the following CORRECTLY interprets the meaning of the underlined part in context?

STATEMENTS: ⓐ appendage: a secondary or irrelevant addition to something more substantial ⓑ terminal trips: final research expeditions made by paleontologists ⓒ fired up: confused and disorganized ⓓ a new wrinkle: an unexpected detail or development ⓔ cross-fertilization: the transfer of useful ideas between unrelated scientific fields

① ⓐ, ⓑ, and ⓒ only

② ⓐ, ⓓ, and ⓔ only

③ ⓑ, ⓒ, and ⓓ only

④ ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ, and ⓔ only

⑤ ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓔ

정답: ②

RJ 패턴: 밑줄 어휘/표현의 문맥적 의미 해석 — 다수 항목 중 올바른 것 찾기

왜 이 패턴인가: 어휘의 사전적 의미가 아닌 문맥 속 의미를 정확히 파악하는 능력 평가

각 항목 분석:

35번 BEST describes — 저자 의도 분석 3.5점

문제: Which of the following BEST describes why the author contrasts the testicular and overdose theories with the Alvarez hypothesis?

① To show that fruitful scientific theories inspire further research and practical application

② To promote reexamining old theories using modern science

③ To highlight the dramatic nature of the asteroid theory and its appeal to popular audiences

④ To illustrate how public opinion shapes scientific progress

⑤ To demonstrate that only theories with media attention are taken seriously by scientists

정답: ①

RJ 패턴: "BEST describes" — 저자의 대비(contrast) 사용 목적 분석

왜 이 패턴인가: 글 전체의 논증 구조를 이해하고 저자의 궁극적 목적을 파악해야 함

정답 근거: 저자는 testicular theory가 "generated nothing in thirty-five years"인 반면, Alvarez hypothesis가 "spawned hundreds of studies, a major conference"를 강조. 핵심 메시지: 좋은 과학은 검증 가능하고 더 많은 연구를 낳고(fruitful), 실제 응용(nuclear winter 연구)으로 이어진다

오답 분석:

♣ Question 36 is based on the following passage.

Great scientists are ①often one-hit wonders. Newton is a prime example: beyond the Newtonian mechanics, he developed the theory of gravitation, calculus, laws of motion, and optimization. In fact, well-known scientists are often involved in multiple discoveries, a phenomenon potentially explained by the Matthew effect. Indeed, an ②initial success may offer a scientist legitimacy, improve peer perception, provide knowledge of how to score and win, enhance social status, and attract resources and quality collaborators, each of these payoffs further ③increasing her odds of scoring another win. Yet, there is an appealing alternative explanation: Great scientists have multiple hits and consistently succeed in their scientific endeavors simply because they're exceptionally talented. Therefore, future success again goes to those who have had success earlier, not because of advantages offered by the previous success, but because the earlier success was ④indicative of a hidden talent. The Matthew effect posits that success alone increases the future probability of success, raising the question: Does status ⑤dictate outcomes, or does it simply reflect an underlying talent or quality? In order words, is there really a Matthew effect after all?
36번 NOT appropriate — 어휘 적절성 3.2점
Great scientists are ①often one-hit wonders. Newton is a prime example: beyond the Newtonian mechanics, he developed the theory of gravitation, calculus, laws of motion, and optimization. In fact, well-known scientists are often involved in multiple discoveries, a phenomenon potentially explained by the Matthew effect. Indeed, an ②initial success may offer a scientist legitimacy, improve peer perception, provide knowledge of how to score and win, enhance social status, and attract resources and quality collaborators, each of these payoffs further ③increasing her odds of scoring another win. Yet, there is an appealing alternative explanation: Great scientists have multiple hits and consistently succeed in their scientific endeavors simply because they're exceptionally talented. Therefore, future success again goes to those who have had success earlier, not because of advantages offered by the previous success, but because the earlier success was ④indicative of a hidden talent. The Matthew effect posits that success alone increases the future probability of success, raising the question: Does status ⑤dictate outcomes, or does it simply reflect an underlying talent or quality? In order words, is there really a Matthew effect after all?

문제: Which of the underlined words is NOT appropriate for the context?

① often

② initial

③ increasing

④ indicative

⑤ dictate

정답: ①

RJ 패턴: 문맥상 부적절한 어휘 찾기

왜 이 패턴인가: 어휘의 의미를 문맥 속에서 논리적으로 판단하는 능력 평가

정답 근거: "Great scientists are often one-hit wonders"라고 했지만, 바로 다음 문장에서 Newton이 여러 발견을 했다고 하며, "well-known scientists are often involved in multiple discoveries"라고 함. 위대한 과학자가 "one-hit wonders(한 번만 히트친 사람)"라면 논리적으로 모순. "often"은 "rarely" 또는 "seldom"으로 바꿔야 문맥에 맞음

나머지 어휘가 적절한 이유:

배점표 (22~36번)

문항222324252627282930313233343536
배점3.23.53.73.53.23.23.23.73.73.23.53.73.53.53.2

정답표

문항222324252627282930313233343536
정답④①①③④③⑤③③②④⑤②①①

2026-04-04 | RJ 유제선 2025 기출 분석 | exam-prep