Folk and traditional art can take a wide variety of forms, including arts as _____ one another as storytelling and quilting. The National Heritage Fellowship was created to honor people for their accomplishments in these diverse arts and includes among its winners the gospel singer Willie Mae Ford Smith.

As with other river deltas, the Danube River delta is _____: it is a constantly evolving network of channels and strips of land that change in size and shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles where the river meets the waters of the Black Sea.

Possessing an outstanding collection of public art, Chicago has everything from monumental sculptures like Anish Kapoor’s Cloud Gate at sites like Millennium Park to innovative street art like Amuse 126’s mural High Tide located on South State Street. The _____ public art on display in the city can thus satisfy any art lover.

Scholarly interest in literary juvenilia—writings by children and teenagers—tends to focus on unpublished works by authors who became famous as adults, such as W.H. Auden’s poem “Autumn,” which he wrote around age 15, because they offer insights into their authors’ artistic development. But some scholars also argue that recovering juvenilia by lesser-known writers is essential to understanding literary history: Daisy Ashford’s novels, which she published as a child, were widely read by contemporaries and are therefore deserving of closer attention.

Superlubricity, the state of virtually no friction between materials, has desirable applications in many industries. For example, it can make aircraft engines more efficient. To produce a coating that achieves superlubricity, Chanaka Kumara and colleagues broke down carbon nanotubes into fragments of graphene to fully cover two surfaces that would rub together. Friction between pieces of graphene is generally extremely low, and when the researchers added a drop of oil as lubrication, that friction nearly vanished. This new coating may drastically lower friction-related energy costs.

Roy McLendon’s Moonlit St. Lucie, a riverscape featuring the silhouette of a single palm tree against the backdrop of shimmering water and a brilliant moonlit sky, is typical of paintings by the Florida Highwaymen, an informal collective of landscape artists mainly active in the 1950s and ’60s. Remarkable for anticipating and amplifying cultural perceptions of Florida that became pervasive in the public consciousness, paintings by the Florida Highwaymen are readily identifiable by the natural iconography—placid inland rivers, windswept palm trees—that McLendon and colleagues perpetually revisited.

Drosophila (fruit flies) have generation times of 10–12 days, so seasonal changes in humidity and other environmental conditions can drive seasonal fluctuations in chromosome rearrangements in species such as D. persimilis and D. mediopunctata. Drosophila body size (for which wing centroid size serves as a proxy measure) correlates with life span. Banu Şebnem Önder and Cansu Fidan Aksoy measured the wing sizes of members of a D. melanogaster population in Yeşilöz, Turkey, that were collected monthly between May and October over three years. Their research suggests that Drosophila collected in relatively warmer months should tend to have a longer life span, as is illustrated by the finding that _____

Trustworthy machine learning is an approach that computer scientists like Kathy Meier-Hellstern use to engineer artificial intelligence technologies. It involves training computer algorithms to be accurate, safe, and fair. Unsupervised machine learning is another approach. _____ involves training computer algorithms to organize unlabeled data sets.

When a picture of Silas Wright was printed on $50 banknotes in _____ former governor of New York became just one of many non-presidents to appear on US currency.

In 1965, a group of student activists traveled by bus across the state of New South Wales to protest racial discrimination against Aboriginal Australians. The activists drove to Wellington, where they interviewed locals; to Walgett, where they picketed a segregated _____ where they staged a protest at a segregated public pool.

Writing in hieroglyphs, ancient Egyptians recorded measurements using units such as the khefa, a unit of _____ and the sa, a unit of area. The khefa, for instance, is written as a short, horizontal hieroglyph shaped like the back of a fist.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A supercontinent is a single landmass made up of most or all of Earth's continents.
• Over time, continents merge together to form supercontinents, which then break apart.
• This process is believed to take hundreds of millions of years and is known as the supercontinent cycle.
• Kenorland was a supercontinent that formed about 2.6 billion years ago.
• Gondwana was a supercontinent that formed about 510 million years ago.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Carnegie Prize is an international art competition.
• It is administered by the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• One Carnegie Prize gold medal winner is Richard Serra of the US.
  
• Serra's sculpture Carnegie was honored in 1985. 

The sloping tile roofs and picturesque façade of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in Oceanside, California, exemplify the Spanish contribution to Californian architecture, an influence that is _____ throughout the state—architectural tourists visiting Los Angeles Union Station in Los Angeles, for example, can easily recognize how its style draws inspiration from the Spanish missions.

The following text is from Reyna Grande’s 2012 memoir The Distance Between Us. In the text, Grande is reflecting on experiences she had as a child. Abuela Evila is her grandmother, Élida is her cousin, and Mago and Carlos are her siblings.

Every few days, Abuela Evila washed Élida’s hair with lemon water because, according to her, lemon juice cleans the impurities of the hair and makes it shiny and healthy. In the afternoons, she would fill up a bucket from the water tank, pick a few lemons from the tree, and squeeze the juice into the water.

Mago, Carlos, and I would hide behind a pink oleander bush and watch their ritual through the narrow leaves. Abuela Evila washed Élida’s hair as if she were washing an expensive silk rebozo.

Text 1

For thousands of years, O’odham farmers in the Sonoran desert of the southwestern US and northern Mexico have cultivated elderberries and chia seeds, sometimes planting these species together so that the elderberry bushes provide shade for chia flowers. Doing so helps protect chia flowers from the harshest heat and light and thereby helps prevent soil moisture from evaporating.

Text 2

Chia flowers are well adapted to growing in the desert but grow best when shaded. Inspired by O’odham farmers, who often strategically plant chia flowers in the shade of sun-hardy species like elderberry bushes for protection from the sun and heat, Gary Nabhan and colleagues planted chia flowers in the shade of solar panels in the Sonoran desert and found that the plants grew well, suggesting to Nabhan and colleagues that the panels provide a benefit similar to that provided by elderberry bushes.

The following text is from Virginia Woolf’s 1919 novel Night and Day. The narrator describes a gathering of artists and intellectuals.

One person after another rose, and, as with an ill-balanced axe, attempted to hew out his conception of art a little more clearly, and sat down with the feeling that, for some reason which he could not grasp, his strokes had gone awry. As they sat down they turned almost invariably to the person sitting next to them, and rectified and continued what they had just said in public.

Many plants have leaves that are larger on one side of their long central axis than the other, a phenomenon known as asymmetrical orientation. University of California, Berkeley biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues examined several species of grapevines and closely related plants, which have leaves that grow in pairs, to see if both leaves in a pair tend to be oriented toward the same side (that is, have more tissue on the same side) or not. They found that opposite-side orientation was much more common than same-side orientation; in the Amur grape, for example, approximately ______

Many works of the Greek mathematician Archimedes (3rd century BCE), including his text on optics, Catoptrica, have been lost to time. Antiquarians _____ to read one of Archimedes’s extant works—not one known only through references to it by other authors, that is—might instead procure a copy of his Psammites, a treatise on mathematics and astronomy.

The Suzuki method is an approach to music instruction _____ to teach music in the same natural way children learn language, emphasizes playing instruments from a very young age. In Suzuki cello instruction, students begin their musical education with simple classical pieces like Robert Schumann’s “The Two Grenadiers.”

On most of the world’s beaches, sand is a predictable cream or beige color. The sand at Vermelha Beach in Brazil is a strikingly different _____ sand gets its shade from deposits of gray- and tan-hued quartz and feldspar, deposits of iron oxide and other organic matter lend the sand at Vermelha Beach a colorful red tint.

Marcel Duchamp intended his 1917 so-called ready-made sculpture Fountain to challenge then-prevailing conceptions about the nature of art. _____ Duchamp’s Fountain did just that, raising the question of whether displaying any object in an art gallery could be said to transform the object—even, as Duchamp’s sculpture was, a urinal—into a legitimate work of art.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A copyright prevents a book’s contents from being reproduced (published) without permission from the copyright holder.
• When a book’s copyright expires, the book enters the public domain and can be legally reproduced by anyone.
• The Prophet is a collection of prose poems by Kahlil Gibran.
• It entered the public domain in 2019.
• The Professor’s House is a novel by Willa Cather.
• It entered the public domain in 2021.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.

Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions. A reference sheet, calculator, and these directions can be accessed throughout the test.

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function is the set of all real numbers for which is a real number.

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem and choose the correct answer from the choices provided.

Each multiple-choice question has a single correct answer.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and enter your answer as described below.

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.