📐 Scoreshake Real DSAT #12 복습 드릴

As a member of Indigenous Photograph, artist Tshepiso Mabula ka Ndongeni (Xhosa) can _____ her work more broadly than she could without the organization’s reach. Photography editors around the world can search for Indigenous photographer members on the organization’s website to find images that document and reflect the lives of Indigenous communities.

Originating in the traditional stories of the Kanaka Maoli, the Native Hawaiian people, the literature of Hawaii has a rich history that was later brought to international prominence by writers such as Mary Kawena Pukui. Now, by producing acclaimed works, Gary Pak has _____ his place in that literary tradition.

In a 2018 article about films depicting the experiences of Black Americans, critics for the New York Times praise Madeline Anderson’s 1970 film I Am Somebody as “galvanizing” and Reginald Hudlin’s 1990 film House Party as “exuberant.” Fans of the two films hope that such _____ will attract new audiences to these works.

A survey found that in April 2022, 7.6 percent of subscribers to fashion and apparel services canceled their subscriptions. Reducing this kind of subscriber turnover is especially challenging for subscription sellers: customers’ initial enthusiasm for a subscription is often quick to _____, and sellers must thus devise other incentives to bolster retention.

The following text is adapted from Pam Muñoz Ryan's 2020 novel Mañanaland. In the village where Max lives, there is an old fortress called La Reina. Children in the village say that the fortress is haunted.

For as long as he could remember, Max had begged Papá [his father] to take him to see La Reina and the ruins up close. He’d be a hero among his friends if he was the first boy to cross the haunted gates! Just because Papá didn’t believe in ghosts didn’t mean they weren’t there. Maybe this summer Papá would finally take him. He was almost twelve.

Driven to sell as many paintings as possible, Alfred Hair, an influential figure among the landscape artists known as the Florida Highwaymen, pioneered “fast painting,” a technique (which in part involved swift applications of paint) that many Highwaymen, including Isaac Knight, adopted. To conclude that this approach accounts for the ethereal qualities now synonymous with the Highwaymen aesthetic is tempting but inaccurate, as Hair’s methods weren’t universally practiced by his affiliates: Roy McLendon, for example, painted with greater deliberateness but achieved the same effects.

The following text is adapted from Daniel Defoe’s 1704 nonfiction book The Storm.

The sermon is a sound of words spoken to the ear, and prepared only for present meditation, and extends no farther than the strength of memory can convey it; a book printed is a record; remaining in every man’s possession, always ready to renew its acquaintance with his memory, and always ready to be produced as an authority or voucher to any reports he makes out of it, and conveys its contents for ages to come, to the eternity of mortal time, when the author is forgotten in his grave.

In the 1960s, Gloria Richardson led a movement to promote racial equality. Her involvement in this effort was inspired by her daughter, Donna Richardson. In 1961, Donna joined protests organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Cambridge, Maryland. Following her daughter, Gloria joined these protests too. Gloria soon became the co-chair of the Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee. She was also the leader of what became known as the Cambridge movement.

Like many other bird species that live only on the Hawaiian archipelago, the Kaua‘i ‘amakihi has adapted to life in a well-defined habitat, resulting in highly specialized physical and behavioral characteristics that aid the species in survival. However, because the Kaua‘i ‘amakihi is highly specialized, it is especially vulnerable to environmental changes that can disrupt the delicately balanced ecosystem in which it lives.

In a study of interactions between plants, researchers Carolina Laura Morales and Anna Traveset gathered data about flowering plants growing alongside each other in various ecosystems. In each case, the researchers identified one plant as a “target species” and a neighboring plant as a “neighboring species.” An example of a neighboring species is the musk thistle, which grows alongside the Peruvian lily in ______

The Clouds is a 423 BCE play by Aristophanes, originally written in ancient Greek. At the time, professional intellectuals called sophists taught students rhetorical techniques to use in public speaking, along with providing instruction in other subjects. In the play, Aristophanes satirizes sophists as teaching students how to be persuasive without regard for what is morally good, as seen when the character ______.

Featured among the more than 120 photographs in the 2021 exhibition The New Woman Behind the Camera, Lola Álvarez Bravo’s _____ 'The Freeloaders' offers a glimpse back in time to 1955

The towns of _____ Ayem, and Jamame are all located almost directly on the equator. However, they are each in different countries: Kenya, Gabon, and Somalia, respectively.

In the periodic table, an element’s atomic number indicates how many protons there are in an atom of the element. For example, a helium atom _____ 2 protons. Professor Raymond Chang explains this concept in more detail in the textbook Chemistry.

Directed by the Mohawk filmmaker Tracey Deer, the feature-length drama Beans is one of many films by Indigenous women _____ featured in film festivals in recent years.

In the 1960s, Greece, Malta, and dozens of other countries were allocated unique country dialing codes to route international calls. Most of the original two- or three-digit codes _____ by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee later changed in response to geopolitical circumstances or telecommunications needs.

Two of the most celebrated examples of visual allegory in painting, The Four Elements: Air by Joachim Beuckelaer and Ceres (Summer) by Antoine Watteau, were completed in 1570 and _____ such allegorical artwork was particularly popular from the 15th through the late 18th centuries.

A blend of gabardine and wool, the material for Elvis Presley’s Peacock jumpsuit was flexible enough to allow the singer to perform his signature dance moves. ______ the added weight of the suit’s embroidered feathers in shades of blue and green likely limited Elvis’s mobility to some degree.

When it was completed in 1889, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, was criticized—even protested—for the novelty of its unique spire-like silhouette. ______ the design is commonplace, found in everything from Eiffel Tower replicas like the one in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to structures like the Copenhagen Zoo Tower in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Scientists studying asteroid deflection have focused on secondary objects such as S/2006 (311066), a moonlet orbiting the near-Earth asteroid 2004 DC. In 2022 NASA intentionally crashed a probe into just such an object, successfully altering its orbit. Scientists have yet to demonstrate, ______ that 2004 DC and other primary objects would be similarly affected.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Simon Kenton Trail is a rail trail.
• It is located in Ohio.
• The Papermill Trail is a rail trail.
• It is located in Maine.
• Rail trails are former railroad corridors that have been converted into public paths.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Most of the plant and bird species in Oahu, Hawaii, are non-native.
• In a 2019 study, researchers wanted to know what role non-native birds play in dispersing plant seeds in Oahu.
• Researchers catalogued plant seeds found in fecal samples from non-native birds.
• Touchardia latifolia, a flowering shrub, was one of fifteen native species catalogued.
• Hedychium gardnerianum, an herbaceous vine, was one of twenty-nine non-native species catalogued.
• Researchers concluded that non-native birds play a vital role in dispersing the seeds of native and non-native plants.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Lighthouses send out crucial light signals to help ships and other watercraft navigate at night.
• Before automation, lighthouses were run by lighthouse keepers.
• Elizabeth Lusby was the lighthouse keeper at Turkey Point Light in Maryland.
• She held this position from 1844 to 1862.
• Thelma Austin was the lighthouse keeper at Point Fermin Light in California.
• She held this position from 1925 to 1941.

Posed in 1970, McMullen’s g-conjecture _____ many mathematicians before yielding to the efforts of Karim Adiprasito, who presented a proof of it in 2018.

The following text is from 1947 novel Good Morning Miss Dove by Frances Gray Patton. The novel is set in the 1950’s at the Cedar Grove Elementary School, where Miss Dove has taught geography for more than a generation. 

Miss Dove's rules were as fixed as the signs of the zodiac. And they were known. Miss Dove rehearsed them at the beginning of each school year, stating them as calmly and dispassionately as if she were describing the atmospheric effects of the Gulf Stream. The penalties for infractions of the rules were also known.

The following text is from a 1911 translation of Guy de Maupassant’s 1881 short story A Family Affair. The narrator is describing Monsieur Alfred Caravan, a bureaucrat in the French government.

For the last thirty years he had invariably gone the same way to his office every morning, and had met the same men going to business at the same time, and nearly on the same spot. Every morning, after buying his penny paper at the corner of the Faubourg Saint Honore, he bought two rolls, and then went to his office, like a culprit who is giving himself up to justice, and got to his desk as quickly as possible, always feeling uneasy, as though he were expecting a rebuke for some neglect of duty of which he might have been guilty.

Argyroxiphium sandwicense is a species in a family of plants known collectively as the silversword alliance, all of which grow only on the Hawaiian Islands. Members of this alliance exhibit an extraordinary range of phenotypes, with some species maturing into vines and others into shrubs and trees. All species in the alliance descended from a single ancestral tarweed plant that arrived on the islands around 5 million years ago. The tarweed’s descendants diversified into distinct species as they adapted to live in the wide variety of habitats found on the Hawaiian Islands.

Elaine Ostrander led an international collaboration with Greger Larson and other researchers to study the evolutionary history of size differences in modern dogs, including very small breeds such as Pomeranians. The researchers determined that among dogs as a whole, there are many different variations of the gene that regulates the production of IGF-1 (insulin growth factor 1), a hormone that promotes growth. After reviewing the study, a student concludes that these variations must account for the observed variance in body size among dog breeds.

Text 1

One challenge faced by researchers studying global urbanization is that countries may define urban settlements differently. Many countries define urban settlements based on the number of people living in them. However, countries do not all use the same number; for example, Greenland uses a minimum population of 200, while the Netherlands uses 20,000. Other countries use a combination of population and other factors. This variation makes it difficult for researchers to compare aspects of urbanization in different countries.

Text 2

Recently, a group of six international organizations developed global definitions of common types of settlements. The group developed a new measure called the “degree of urbanization.” This new measure establishes global criteria used to define three types of settlements (cities, towns, and rural areas) and allows researchers to better understand global urbanization rates.

It is common for freshwater lakes near or above a latitude of 45° north of the equator, like Lake Stechlin in Germany, to accumulate surface ice in winter. A study from 1980 to 2006 showed that, in general, the number of days per winter that such lakes have measurable amounts of surface ice is declining. However, a researcher claimed that some lakes have instead seen an increase in the duration of ice, citing as an example ______

Each year, the Nobel Prize in Literature is given to an author who has, in the words of its founder Alfred Nobel, “produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic _____ in 2011, for instance, judges recognized Tomas Tranströmer “[for], through his condensed, translucent images, [giving] us fresh access to reality.”

Prishtina, the capital of Kosovo, has a population of 198,214, which accounts for 10.32 percent of the country’s total population. Having proportionally large populations _____ common for national capitals.

Objects orbiting in the outer solar system between Jupiter and Neptune, such as 2010 BL4, a 16-kilometer-wide body first detected in 2010, _____ both asteroidal and comet-like characteristics, being closer in size and appearance to asteroids but traveling in an elliptical orbit more closely resembling that of comets.

Researchers studying how agricultural fertilizers impact grassland arthropod populations have employed several collection methods. A team led by researcher Maria K. Hartley collected arthropods with _____ another research team, led by Kimberly J. La Pierre, gathered them with bug vacuums.

In their 2019 study of butterfly diversity at Rupa Lake in Nepal, researcher Bijaya Neupane and his colleagues counted one bluetail jester _____ to the Nymphalidae family, the bluetail jester (Symbrenthia niphanda) is known to be very rare.

The pedagogy of the Suzuki method is rooted in several central _____ by Japanese violinist Shinichi Suzuki, who sought to parallel the linguistic learning environment, the method emphasizes learning from skilled musicians who are also skilled teachers and teaches students as young as three to play simple classical pieces such as “The Two Grenadiers.”

Katharine Kuh and Bernarda Bryson Shahn have both received Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Women’s Caucus for Art, though for different reasons. Kuh was honored for her work as an art historian; Bryson, _____ was recognized for her contributions as a painter.

At past Olympics, in contrast to demonstration sports with international appeal, regionally popular sports were exhibited as onetime showcases. _____ while the internationally popular sport of handball became a medal event after demonstration, kaatsen, a handball sport popular in the Netherlands, only appeared at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Love Is Approaching is a 1974 black-and-white linocut print by Namibian artist John Muafangejo.
• It depicts a tranquil, everyday scene (two seated figures reaching for each other).
• La Protesta ("The Protest") is a 1937 black-and-white linocut print by Mexican artist Leopoldo Méndez.
• It features a scene with an explicitly political point of view (a laborer raising his fist in protest).
• Relief printing is a technique in which an image is carved onto a printing block, covered in ink or paint, and stamped onto paper.
• Lino cutting is a type of relief printing that uses linoleum tile as the printing block.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A U-shaped curve in a river channel is called a meander.
• A meander forms when water erodes sediment from one side of the riverbank and redeposits that sediment on the opposite side.
• Meanders will gradually change shape and migrate downstream over time.
• A river with high sinuosity has many meanders, and a river with low sinuosity has few.
• The Willapa River in the United States has high sinuosity.