📐 Scoreshake Real DSAT #13 복습 드릴

Maryam Hosseini and her team used aerial images of well-mapped areas of Manhattan to train a computer program to identify sidewalks. When it was tested on images of Brooklyn, it _____ identified sidewalks in the vast majority of cases and even whether sidewalks were concrete or cobblestone. Hosseini believes the program will improve on this already-strong performance as it gets used more.

The Chao Phraya River delta is a constantly changing landform made up of a network of distributaries, small channels that branch off from the main river. The delta is shaped and reshaped over time as sediments carried by the river _____ where the river meets the Gulf of Thailand, eventually forming new portions of land.

The Third-Class Carriage, painted in the realist style by Honoré Daumier, depicts working-class travelers in a third-class railway car. The realists’ emphasis on accurately portraying the experiences of average working people was largely a rejection of the romantic style evident in many paintings by Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Pineux Duval, which instead _____ their subjects’ beauty or heroism while hiding all imperfection.

The decline of the giant pika, a species found throughout northern North America before it became extinct around 8000 BCE, surely had a number of _____ the larger ecosystem in which it existed. The giant pika was part of a complex food web with other organisms, and its disappearance likely affected several other species.

Jessica Murray is a researcher who studies canopy soil. Canopy soil is formed in a tree’s branches (its canopy) when dead leaves and other falling things collect. This material breaks down, becoming canopy soil. Canopy soil helps preserve healthy nutrient cycling (how nutrients move through the environment) in rainforests. This benefit is one reason Murray is interested in the canopy soils in large bully trees in rainforests in Costa Rica.

The following text is from Louise Erdrich’s 1986 novel The Beet Queen. The narrator discusses her relationship with her young niece, Dot. Celestine, the narrator’s sister-in-law, is Dot’s mother.

Dot was as impatient with babyhood as I. She tried at once to grow out of it. Celestine never saw that, because she, and only she, took pleasure in Dot’s helpless softness. Only Celestine was saddened by her daughter’s fierce progress. Day by day, Dot grew stronger. In her shopping-cart stroller she exercised to exhaustion, bouncing for hours to develop her leg muscles.

Wakako Yamauchi is best known for And the Soul Shall Dance, her 1977 play about a Japanese American family in Southern California. The play is based on a short story Yamauchi had published three years earlier. Adapting the story wasn’t easy. Theater relies on dialogue between characters, but the original story features little dialogue and instead describes its characters’ silent thoughts. To transform the story into a play, Yamauchi created situations where characters reveal their thoughts by speaking them aloud during conversations with each other.

Mexican textile artist Victoria Villasana weaves stories of triumph, using her unique method of applying colorful yarn to photographs of people. In some works, Villasana focuses on celebrating cultural icons who are people of color, as she does in her depiction of artist Yayoi Kusama. However, in other works, Villasana honors ordinary people, as she does in her captivating portrayal of a woman making tortillas. Villasana sees both of these approaches as ways of depicting the power and interconnectedness of all people.

The following text is from José Rizal’s 1891 novel The Reign of Greed (translated by Charles Derbyshire in 1912).

In his solitary retreat on the shore of the sea, whose mobile surface was visible through the open windows, extending outward until it mingled with the horizon, Padre Florentino was relieving the monotony by playing on his harmonium sad and melancholy tunes, to which the sonorous roar of the surf and the sighing of the treetops of the neighboring wood served as accompaniments. Notes long, full, mournful as a prayer, yet still vigorous, escaped from the old instrument. Padre Florentino, who was an accomplished musician, was improvising, and, as he was alone, gave free rein to the sadness in his heart.

In a study by Mika R. Moran, Daniel A. Rodriguez, and colleagues, residents of Bogotá, Colombia, and Fortaleza, Brazil, were surveyed about parks in their cities. Of the 1,121 respondents from Bogotá, 71.9% indicated that they use the city’s parks, and of the 938 respondents from Fortaleza, 35.7% indicated using city parks. Given that the percentage of Bogotá respondents who reported living within a 10-minute walk of a park was much lower than that reported by Fortaleza respondents, greater proximity alone can’t explain the difference in park use.

Many plants have leaves that are larger on one side of their long central axis than the other, a phenomenon known as asymmetrical orientation. University of California, Berkeley biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues examined several species of grapevines and closely related plants, which have leaves that exhibit different patterns of paired orientations. Their research revealed significant variation in the ratio of opposite-side orientations to same-side orientations among species. While some species had moderate ratios, one species exhibited the most extreme ratio observed in the study, with a ratio of _____

Scientists recently tested whether scorpion venom reduces the growth of bacteria. The scientists put bacteria in petri dishes with two chambers. They treated the bacteria in one chamber with a saline solution, which does not affect the bacteria. They treated bacteria in the other chamber with scorpion venom. After 14 hours, they counted how many colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria were in each chamber.

Poems of Experience is a 1910 collection of poetry by Ella Wheeler Wilcox. In one of her poems, the speaker indicates that several beneficial opportunities have recently become available to women, saying, _____.

Archaeologist Christiana Kohler and her team excavated the Egyptian tomb of Queen Merneith, the wife of a First Dynasty pharaoh. Some scholars claim that she also ruled Egypt on her own and was actually the first female pharaoh. The team found a tablet in Merneith's tomb with writing suggesting that she was in charge of the country's treasury and other central offices. Whether Merneith was a pharaoh or not, this discovery supports the idea that Merneith likely ______

Inspired by her Pomo heritage, artist Susan Billy typically uses willow—a strong and flexible _____ craft baskets that are both beautiful and elaborate.

After he finally watched The Maltese Falcon (1941) at last year’s annual film festival, the infamously disagreeable film critic wrote a scathing review. Before that, the film he least enjoyed _____ the more recent classic Slumdog Millionaire (2008).

In 1986, conceptual artist Sophie Calle asked twenty-three people, all of whom had been born without sight, to describe "their image of beauty" in rich detail. Calle paired excerpts of these conversations with photographs—both of interviewees and the items they ______ to powerful effect in her exhibition The Blind.

New Mexico governor _____ the first woman to serve in that role in the state's history—took office on January 1, 2011.

The 1960 founding of the Mexican American Political Association and the 1946 Mendez v. Westminster court decision are regarded as important events in US civil rights _____ former establishing a Latino rights advocacy group and the latter legally affirming the rights of Latino students.

A government body officially known as the Althing, ______

Trisyllabic words _____ as dactyls in English metrical verse, such as “devious” and “particle,” consist of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.

Soil polluted with manganese (a heavy metal) is harmful to many plants and animals, but the plant species Typha latifolia, or broadleaf cattail, not only thrives in such conditions but also helps remediate them. As a metal hyperaccumulator, Typha latifolia absorbs a large amount of manganese and stores it safely in its roots and shoots; _____ manganese concentrations in the soil decrease.

When printing paper money for the colony of Pennsylvania in the 1730s, Benjamin Franklin—then a Philadelphia shop owner—took steps to combat the circulation of counterfeit notes, such as weaving blue threads and muscovite (a reflective mineral) into the paper he used. _____ he stamped the notes with detailed imprints of sage leaves that proved difficult for forgers to replicate.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Massasoit National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a protected natural area in Massachusetts.
• It encompasses 184 acres.
• It was established to safeguard the habitat of the Plymouth red-bellied turtle, an endangered species.
• The Massasoit NWR is managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.
• The US Fish & Wildlife Service limits human activities in the area.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The false killer whale is a mammal species.
• It was believed to be extinct until a living false killer whale was identified in Denmark in 1861.
• The Banggai crow is a bird species.
• It was believed to be extinct until a living Banggai crow was identified in Indonesia in 2007.
• They are considered Lazarus species.
• "Lazarus species" is a term for living species of organisms that were once believed to be extinct.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The engineer Robert Fulton designed the Clermont steamboat in 1807.
• He designed it in New York City.
• Clermont was the world’s first commercially successful steamboat.
• The city of Fulton, Missouri, is named after Robert Fulton.
• New York City’s Fulton Street is named after him.

• The A.M. Turing Award is a prestigious award given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
• The ACM gives the award for "major contributions of lasting importance to computing."
• Shafi Goldwasser won the award in 2012 for transformative work that laid the foundations for digital cryptography.

The following text is from Jhumpa Lahiri’s 2003 novel The Namesake. Gogol, a child, is at a beach in Massachusetts with his father.

He watches his father raise a kite within minutes into the wind, so high that Gogol must tip his head back in order to see, a rippling speck against the sky. The wind whips around their ears, turning their faces cold.

Bligh, a naval officer aboard the Bounty, was a courageous and capable seaman, unmatched in his astonishing open-boat voyage after the mutiny. Yet, he was unfit for command. Lacking natural authority, Bligh resorted to railing and cursing, alienating his officers. His gross language and aggression made the voyage unbearable. The mutiny itself is sometimes put down to the charms of Tahiti, but the real trouble lay in Bligh’s inability to lead.

In 2013 Bridie J.M. Allan and colleagues published a study concluding that ocean acidification has a strong effect on the behavior of Pomacentrus amboinensis, a species of fish. However, Allan and colleagues’ study relied on a mean sample size of only about 18 fish. In a 2022 review of various scientists’ conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior, Timothy D. Clark and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in turn, can contribute to reports of exaggerated effects.

Text 1

French Impressionist artist Edgar Degas insisted that his paintings be kept in their original frames after they were sold. Like many Impressionist painters, Degas used painted frames that stood in contrast to the gold frames frequently seen at the Paris Salon, a prestigious art exhibition that was sponsored by the French government and promoted traditional painting styles. Impressionist painters likely chose these colorful frames to distinguish themselves from what was considered conventional at the time.

Text 2

Impressionist painters often focused on the interplay of color and light in their works. As such, those Impressionists who placed their works in painted frames instead of the more traditional gold ones did so for aesthetic reasons: a frame's color was likely chosen because it would harmonize with the colors or subjects in a painting. Gold, conversely, could distract from the subtleties in a painted scene.

Hemerocallis sp. plants typically carry a negative electrical charge, while bees and other pollinators tend to accumulate a positive charge. Given that negatively and positively charged objects attract, a research team hypothesized that the difference in charges could attract Hemerocallis sp. stamens to the plants’ pollinators. Based on the team's experiments, the hypothesis was well supported for positive charges above a certain threshold. The team found that queen honeybees exceeded that threshold, which suggests that _____

Some food packaging contains silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which can leach into waterways and soils via wastewater. In a 2015 study, Tina Ramskov and colleagues found that Ag-NPs can accumulate in the bodies of marine annelid worms (Capitella teleta). While bioaccumulation of manufactured nanoparticles may be inherently worrisome, it has been hypothesized that Ag-NP bioaccumulation in invertebrates like C. teleta could serve a valuable proxy role, obviating the need for manufacturers to conduct costly and intrusive sampling of vertebrate species — such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), commonly used in regulatory compliance testing — for nanoparticle bioaccumulation, as environmental protection laws currently require.

The Byzantine Empire, which reigned in the Mediterranean from around 330 CE to 1453 CE, benefited from trade with other societies: its merchants exported salt, textiles, and iron and _____ other valuable commodities, such as silk, grain, and spices, which were then traded locally.

In his work, Sahtu-Métis artist Rick Rivet uses acrylic, oil, and other mediums to explore Indigenous spirituality and its iconography. The Eiteljorg Museum counts pieces by Rivet in _____ impressive collection of Native artworks.

On March 6, 2002, Canadian astronomers detected a striking and unusual phenomenon occurring in the constellation Lepus, 160 million light-years from _____ explosion of a massive star, also known as a supernova, an extremely bright yet transient event that typically results from the collapse of a star’s core.

In her 2011 poem "Walking," Elizabeth Alexander contemplates Charles Alston's 1963 painting Walking. Translating the painting's depiction of a civil rights march into vivid figurative phrases—such as "a light both brilliant and unseen"—Alexander suggests the fluid interplay of poetry and painting. _____ Alexander's poem highlights fundamental tensions between these modes of representation.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Georeferencing is the process of assigning geographic coordinates to an image.
• This process enables mapping software to place the image in its real-world location.
• A 2017 project by Tania López Marrero and colleagues georeferenced a set of aerial photographs of Puerto Rico's coastline taken in 1930.
• These photographs are the earliest known aerial photographs of Puerto Rico.
• López Marrero's project provided data that can help researchers analyze changes in Puerto Rico's coastline.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A copyright prevents a book's contents from being reproduced (published) without permission from the copyright holder.
• When a book's copyright expires, the book enters the public domain and can be legally reproduced by anyone.
• Cane is a novel by Jean Toomer.
• It entered the public domain in 2019.
• Billy Budd, Sailor is a novella by Herman Melville.
• It entered the public domain in 2020.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Maya Lin is an American artist known for her memorials and works of installation art.
• She completed the Women's Table in 1993.
• It is a memorial sculpture consisting of a thirty-two-ton granite fountain, and it is designed to commemorate female students at Yale University.
• She completed Silver Upper White River in 2015.
• It is an installation composed of recycled silver that fills an entire gallery wall.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A multiyear study called GREEN SURGE examined forty-four different types of UNAs (urban natural areas) in cities throughout Europe.
• A primary aim of the study was to determine the benefits of UNAs in these cities.
• Urban seacoasts are among the types of UNAs included in the study.
• Urban seacoasts are defined as city areas that border the sea.
• They can benefit urban environments by providing food and recreation.