📐 Scoreshake Real DSAT #21 복습 드릴

The pineapple was domesticated in South America. Its physical structure is no longer identical to the structure of the wild plant it is descended from. Summer squash also ______ its wild ancestor. That ancestor plant had a hard rind and bitter flesh. Indigenous people in eastern North America carefully bred the crop until it had a soft rind and mild-tasting flesh.

The adult emperor moth appears brown and orange with multiple eyespots as a result of pigmented scales that cover its wings and body. Although scales are widely known as the source of a moth’s color and pattern, the ______ of these scales goes beyond visual display: they also absorb the sun’s heat for moths active during the day.

The following text is from Charles Chesnutt’s 1905 novel The Colonel’s Dream. Mr. French and Mr. Kirby work together.

Mr. French, the senior partner, who sat opposite Kirby, was an older man—a safe guess would have placed him somewhere in the debatable ground between forty and fifty; of a good height, as could be seen even from the seated figure, the upper part of which was held erect with the unconscious ease which one associates with military training.

Despite a growing view among young people and others in South Africa that celebrated anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela should have taken greater strides as president to effect more substantive structural changes in the country’s stratified society, years after his death in 2013 Mandela continues to be ______ by many worldwide.

Text 1

Middlemarch, Cecilia De Noel, and twenty-three other works of the late 1800s and early 1900s were rereleased in 2020 as publicity for a prestigious prize for women writers of fiction. Recognizing that women long had to use male pseudonyms for their works to be granted serious consideration (by publishers and readers alike), the campaign restored the authors’ given female names in place of such pseudonyms and brought visibility to identities that should not have been hidden.

Text 2

The belief that women historically were barred from publishing under names perceived as female is persistent. That it is also an overgeneralization becomes obvious when considering writers such as Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who published Poems and many other works under her own name in the 1800s, and Sara Payson Willis, who elected to use the female pseudonym Fanny Fern for her novels and newspaper columns in the mid-1800s.

The following text is from María Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s 1885 novel The Squatter and the Don.

Don Mariano Alamar was silently walking up and down the front piazza of his house at the rancho; his hands listlessly clasped behind and his head slightly bent forward in deep thought. He had pushed away to one side the many arm-chairs and wicker rockers with which the piazza was furnished. He wanted a long space to walk. That his meditations were far from agreeable, could easily be seen by the compressed lips, slight frown, and sad gaze of his mild and beautiful blue eyes.

A creole language is an amalgam of a lexifier, or primary contributor of grammar and vocabulary, with one or more substrates, or secondary contributors. English-lexifying creoles in the Caribbean, such as Jamaican Patois, rely on West African substrates, while Hawaiian Pidgin relies on ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i, the Polynesian language of the Native Hawaiian people, with further contributions from Cantonese and other East Asian languages, Portuguese, and Spanish. This is a heterogeneous history, even for a creole language. Moreover, numerous similarities are found among the East Asian substrates, as well as between Portuguese and Spanish. Thus, it can be challenging to credit certain words or features of grammar or pronunciation to any one substrate.

The great blue heron and the small dark heron are long-legged birds that live in wetlands, like the Everglades in Florida. Laura D’Acunto and colleagues wanted to know how these birds choose an area in which to live. They looked at features of the birds’ habitats, such as the geographic location of the area and how deep the water is during the birds’ breeding season. They found that great blue herons prefer areas with deep water during the breeding season, but that was not true for small dark herons. The researchers concluded that water management strategies that increase the depth of water in potential wetland bird habitats during breeding season are therefore more likely to ______

A professor at the University of Oklahoma, Amy McGovern works on developing artificial intelligence technology, with a specific focus on supervised machine ______ machine learning involves teaching computer algorithms to organize large amounts of data.

The Tuskegee University Archives’ collection includes an original 1957 photograph of Martin Luther King Jr. addressing a group of Tuskegee civil rights activists. Taken by P.H. Polk, the photo ______ King in profile, the glow of a stage light casting his silhouette onto the curtains behind him.

Most of the ice found on Earth is ice Ih, distinguished by a crystalline structure in which molecules form a hexagonal pattern. Amorphous ice, on the other hand, constitutes most of the ice in the ultrafrigid environment of outer space. Defined by a disorganized molecular structure, ______

When, in 2018, scientists in Germany discovered a fossilized brittle star with three thick, spine-studded arms positioned opposite three thin, undeveloped ones, they found something never before seen in the fossil ______ clonal fragmentation, a type of asexual reproduction, an animal splits itself in two, each half then regrowing its missing limbs—just what the brittle star was doing.

The collectibles market is one of the most difficult segments of the consumer economy to ______. Few economists would have predicted, for example, that the prices of vintage movie posters would soar in the 2010s, but soar they did.

Derived from research conducted with factory workers from 1924 to 1933, the Hawthorne effect suggests that participants’ awareness that they are being studied alters their behavior and influences study outcomes. Since then, several researchers have claimed to invalidate this phenomenon, positing that the Hawthorne effect cannot be ______ because attempts to detect it invariably involve faulty research methods.

Paleontologists think that Anhanguera, Saltasaurus, and other long-extinct pterosaurs and sauropods may have breathed using air sacs connected to tubelike extensions inside the animals’ bones. Such structures are found in modern birds, which is why some paleontologists treat the respiratory systems of birds as ______ those of Anhanguera, Saltasaurus, and other pterosaurs and sauropods.

The following text is adapted from the 1895 poem “Shadow River” by Emily Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake). The speaker is looking at the reflections of plants in a river.

The little fern-leaf, bending

Upon the brink, its green reflection greets,

And kisses soft the shadow that it meets

With touch so fine,

The borderline

The keenest vision can’t define;

So perfect is the blending.

In their study of the steering muscles regulating sclerites (minute hardened structures) in the Drosophila (fruit fly) wing hinge, Johan M. Melis et al. used machine learning to devise a convolutional neural network (CNN) model capable of predicting the pattern of wing motion produced by the maximum activity of the muscles. The CNN model’s output aligned with results of prior studies by other researchers measuring muscle activity patterns directly—one of several indications, said Melis et al., that the model accurately represents important biomechanical processes underlying wing motion.

The following text is from Julia Alvarez’s 2000 novel In the Name of Salomé. The narrator and her sister, daughters of a famous poet, are being tutored by Alejandro Román.

Our tutor, Alejandro Román, brought his younger brother, Miguel, to class one day. By now I was eighteen and had learned everything Alejandro had to teach me, so I was glad for a new face. Miguel was an aspiring poet, and he had heard from his brother that the Ureña girls were none other than the daughters of Nicolás Ureña, and they were smart as clockwork. Miguel was hoping not only to meet us but to make the acquaintance of the poet himself at Mamá’s house.

A few of the most commercially successful films in US movie theaters are in a language other than English. One journalist claims that to overcome what director Bong Joon-ho calls “the one-inch-tall barrier of subtitles,” it is essential for a film to receive an Oscar nomination: non–English language films that are not given this public indication of high quality will struggle to find an audience compared with those that do receive Oscar nominations.

Blandine Courel and her colleagues analyzed pottery fragments from thirty-five sites across the Volga and Don river basins to determine whether the ways in which hunter-gatherer societies used pottery in these regions around 6,500–8,000 years ago were influenced primarily by local food availability or primarily by cultural factors. Analysis of organic residues on the pottery fragments showed different prevailing uses for pottery in these locations—cooking and storing terrestrial animal protein at Volga sites and cooking and storing aquatic animal protein at Don sites—which Courel and colleagues attribute to cultural differences.

To boost the performance of oil-absorbing resins, which are used to remove oil and other organic compounds from wastewater, one team of materials researchers created a resin with a novel—albeit very expensive—monomer (a molecule that can chemically bond with analogous molecules to form polymers) synthesized from β-cyclodextrin. Other researchers have produced resins consisting of various, much cheaper, commercially available methacrylate monomers, including one derived from benzyl methacrylate (BZMA). Testing all these resins’ capacity to absorb toluene and trichloromethane, two organic compounds, a scientist concluded that when practical considerations were taken into account, the BZMA-derived resin showed the greatest potential for use in wastewater cleanup.

A student is writing an essay on the subject of cultured meat, which is grown in a laboratory and is intended to help reduce the number of livestock harvested for food. The student wants to make the case that cultured meat production may be useful in responding to an expected widespread change in the public’s behavior.

Southwestern Kentucky’s Livingston County is among the most rural counties in the United States: the US Census Bureau classified it as 95.4% rural in 2010. Researchers often struggle to recruit residents of counties like Livingston for inclusion in studies. Melissa Valerio and colleagues tested whether an approach called snowball sampling improves recruitment. Working in two rural counties, they recruited a few people (known as “seeds”) with the characteristics desired for a proposed study and asked them to recruit additional participants from their social networks. Though the seeds were given minimal guidance, many more people they recruited had the desired characteristics for the study than would be expected by chance alone, most likely because ______

In classical Greek and Roman mythology, female characters are typically cast as either villains lacking in psychological depth or passive victims who are marginal to these stories, which usually focus on the exploits of male characters. Recently, a subgenre has emerged in which writers reimagine these stories from the perspectives of their female characters, giving them agency and complex motivations. Purists argue that such efforts represent a distinctively modern tendency to impose our own values on past civilizations, obscuring those civilizations’ beliefs. Defenders of the subgenre counter that reimaginings of the myths for new cultural contexts are almost as old as the myths themselves, suggesting that ______

In medieval Russia, squirrel pelts were used as a commodity currency. By using specific goods like squirrel pelts as common units of exchange, commodity currency economies streamline trade, which is why they often replaced barter economies. Barter economies eschew ______ that requires what economist W.S. Jevons deems a “double coincidence of wants”—in other words, each trading party must want precisely what the other has.

For her installation, The Last Cruze, photographer LaToya Ruby Frazier traveled to Lordstown, Ohio, where she documented the lives of workers at the local automobile plant. In the installation, text culled from a series of in-depth interviews with employees and their families ______ sixty-seven gelatin silver prints, highlighting the collaborative, documentary nature of Frazier’s work.

A single specimen of T. parkerae, collected at a depth of 1,856 fathoms (3,394 meters) in the South Pacific, and a single specimen of G. hirsuta, collected at a depth of 620 fathoms (1,134 meters) in the North Atlantic, have been preserved as exemplars of their respective ______ former in a repository at Washington, DC’s Museum of Natural History and the latter in a repository at London’s Natural History Museum.

Architect Victor Gruen, the designer of Pennsylvania’s South Hills Village shopping mall, conceived the mall as an indoor version of the European town square, a communal space that encouraged visitors to stroll and linger. ______ he designed South Hills Village with long, pedestrian-friendly promenades and ample seating areas clustered around fountains and greenery.

In Annie Dillard’s Pilgrim at Tinker Creek—where, early on, the author marvels at a single goldfish’s delicate fins but later winces when imagining a horde of goldfish laying and eating their own eggs—Dillard struggles to reconcile the complicated juxtapositions of the natural world. ______ nature’s mesmerizing intricacy and pitiless harshness prove inextricably linked for Dillard, like “two branches of the same creek.”

Voxel modeling and kitbashing approaches to three-dimensional digital modeling for video games yield graphics that accurately represent the relative sizes and proportions of real-world objects, but since these graphics are rendered from perfect geometric shapes, they tend to lack organic realism. ______ these 3D elements may display unnaturally precise angles and curves as compared to their real-world counterparts.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Modern Pueblo tribal nations were preceded by the Ancestral Puebloan civilization, which occupied parts of the southwestern US until approximately 1600 CE.
• Keet Seel in northeastern Arizona is a former Ancestral Puebloan settlement inhabited from approximately 1250~1300 CE.
• It was constructed in a natural cliff alcove and had multistory adobe and stone buildings.
• These buildings had cube-shaped, contiguous rooms that surrounded kivas.
• Kivas are round rooms typically used for ceremonial purposes and as gathering spaces.

The scatterplot shows data set A, which consists of the weights y, in pounds, of a Labrador retriever puppy at various ages, x, in months. The equation of a line of best fit for the relationship in data set A can be written as , where .

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for 90 participants in a study.