📐 Scoreshake Real DSAT #22 복습 드릴

Researchers have long debated the origins of silver used in European coins from the 600s through the early 800s CE. Geochemical analysis by Kershaw et al. of 49 coins dating to 660–820 CE provides concrete evidence that reconciles two competing theories: early coins were made from Byzantine silver, and later coins used Frankish silver, findings that provide firm details in a previously ______ area of study.

The following text is adapted from Alice Dunbar Nelson’s 1899 short story “The Fisherman of Pass Christian.” Pass Christian is a city in the US state of Mississippi.

The swift breezes on the beach at Pass Christian meet and conflict as though each strove for the mastery of the air. The land-breeze blows down through the pines, resinous, fragrant, cold, bringing breath-like memories of dim, dark woods shaded by myriad pine-needles. The breeze from the Gulf is warm and soft and languorous, blowing up from the south with its suggestion of tropical warmth.

Tomi Adeyemi’s first published work, the inventive West African–inspired fantasy novel Children of Blood and Bone, has intriguing things to say about the relationship between identity and power. Adeyemi works in a decades-long tradition going back to writers such as Samuel Delany and Octavia Butler, who wove cultural elements of the Black diaspora into their science fiction and fantasy in a movement known as Afrofuturism. At its core, the movement is characterized by speculation, not just about distant futures or other planets but also about alternate versions of our shared past. Afrofuturism’s meditations on authority reinvigorate the creative potential of fiction.

Moving beyond a simple “present or absent” designation, researchers created a new classification system that allows for a nuanced understanding of bioluminescence in marine organisms that was unavailable under binary classification systems. The new six-point scale considers varying levels of supporting evidence used to identify bioluminescent species. For example, the firefly squid scores 1 because of inconsistent reports, the emperor squid scores 4 because of its anatomical similarity to known luminous relatives, and the shaggy anglerfish scores 6 because of substantiated direct observations.

Seesaw Girl was Linda Sue Park’s debut novel. It was published in 1999. A debut novel is the first book that an author has published. Debut novels are especially interesting to literary critics (people whose job it is to evaluate books) and readers because these books offer a look at new voices in the literary world.

Test 1

With a shell that measured 1.7 meters, the extinct mollusk Parapuzosia seppenradensis is the largest ammonite in the fossil record. Ever since fossilized remains of this large ammonite were first discovered in 1895, scientists have been perplexed by its size. After examining 154 ammonite fossils, including P. seppenradensis fossils from Texas and Parapuzosia leptophylla (a smaller ammonite species) fossils from England, paleontologists Christina Ifrim, Arturo H. González-González, and colleagues concluded that P. seppenradensis may have evolved from P. leptophylla and gradually increased in size as larger ammonites were better able to escape being preyed on by mosasaurs.

Test 2

Christina Ifrim and her team have expanded our understanding of the evolutionary history of ammonites in general, but their study has some gaps that will require additional research to fill. For instance, there’s evidence that mosasaurs preyed on ammonites, but there’s no direct evidence that they interacted specifically with P. seppenradensis.

Many works of the Greek mathematician Euclid (3rd century BCE) are ______ his Elements, a treatise of mathematical knowledge, is an extant work: it can still be read.

A 2024 study cataloged all the trees in Amsterdam to evaluate the biodiversity of the city’s urban forest. The researchers, finding that administrative unit GK13 had a 0.62 ratio of native to non-native trees, ______ efforts to improve the biodiversity of the trees in that unit and other areas with a similarly moderate ratio.

Growing as large as three meters in diameter, the leaves of the giant Amazonian waterlily feature a complex network of radiating veins that provide structural ______ in thickness from the center to the edges, these veins allow the leaves to maintain their large size and buoyancy with minimal material, optimizing light capture and photosynthesis.

______ a US state when it ratified the US Constitution on December 12, 1787, was thereby empowered, via its representatives to the US Congress, to vote on whether to admit Louisiana as a state on April 30, 1812.

Though largely eclipsed by her success as a novelist, Jessie Redmon Fauset’s contributions as literary editor of The Crisis, a New York City–based periodical whose influence was arguably at its peak during her Harlem Renaissance–era tenure, ______ in recent scholarship that explores Fauset’s instrumental role in shaping the magazine’s aesthetic and debuting the work of Langston Hughes and other emerging Black writers.

Elvis Presley’s iconic jumpsuit Red Pinwheel featured rhinestones arranged in pinwheel patterns. Historians note that adornments such as these added between twenty-five and fifty pounds to each of Elvis’s stage outfits. ______ the fabric used to make the outfits was light and flexible, enabling freedom of motion.

In a 1998 study by Smith et al., the researchers used microhistological fecal analysis to determine the ratio of three plant subtypes (graminoids, forbs, and browse) within the diets of North American ungulates. The researchers did not perform this analysis on all such ungulates, ______ they focused exclusively on pronghorns and wild horses in New Mexico.

As Iestyn Barr and his team of researchers discovered when establishing the glacial timeline of Antarctica, the Transantarctic Mountains—a 3,500-km mountain range spanning the continent—are home to glaciers of at least 60 million years in age. ______ the researchers concluded, Antarctica had glaciers long before the formation of its continent-wide ice sheet 34 million years ago.

Though copies of The Adventures of Indiana Jones in Wenceslas Square in Prague on January 16, 1989—an underground computer game that was created anonymously in 1989 as an act of political protest against the authoritarian regime of what was then Czechoslovakia—were originally distributed ______, the game is now readily available online for anyone to play.

In their study of caterpillars in fragmented forests (formerly contiguous forests that have been broken into isolated patches by roads or other interruptions), Riley M. Anderson et al. stress that although fragmentation inevitably ______ alterations to local ecological processes, the changes will likely have a greater impact on Nola triquetrana, a specialist feeding on a limited number of plant species, than on a species like Himella intractata that feeds on several.

Yuen Yuen Ang et al. argue that merely tallying the number of patents filed per year ______ the degree of innovation occurring: truly novel patents—those, like a 2011 patent for an automated navigation system for planes, that combine previously unaffiliated technological domains—are vastly outnumbered by nonnovel patents (e.g., a 2008 patent for a method of making soup).

Linguist John McWhorter asserts that translation apps for smartphones and computers are—despite generally failing to convey many nuances—increasingly obviating the need to learn new languages. Advances in language processing technology have greatly boosted the utility of these apps for perfunctory tasks, like inquiring about an item on a menu, and passing interactions; be that as it may, richer communication (e.g., in business dealings or meaningful personal exchanges) often hinges on conversational patterns and gradations of meaning.

Optimal foraging theory (OFT) holds that animals’ foraging behaviors reflect cost-benefit trade-offs that vary by species and with dynamic ecological circumstances. One such circumstance is lunar intensity, which Mary V. Price and colleagues found to be negatively associated with foraging by white-throated woodrats but Simon Kenneth Bearder and colleagues found to be positively associated with foraging by Mohol bushbabies. This discrepancy is explicable in terms of OFT: the bushbabies’ greater reliance on vision means that higher lunar intensity benefits them more than it benefits the woodrats.

Working in Ghana, Emmanuel Hanyabui and colleagues compared the impact on pineapple growth of different combinations of soil additives, including NPK fertilizer (an inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), organic compost, and biochar (a carbon-rich material produced from organic waste matter). Based on data in the table, pineapple farmers with no access to inorganic soil additives would likely increase the weight and size of their fruits by the greatest amount by using ______

Variously, researchers have closely examined obsidian artifacts to understand ancient social and economic structures, as in Raymond V. Sidrys’s 1976 study, or to glean aspects of cultural identity, as in Dennis Ogburn and colleagues’ 2009 study. Studies of the Malia archaeological site on the Mediterranean island of Crete have shown that significant changes to building styles—changes consistent with an influx of people from another culture elsewhere in the Mediterranean—occurred from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Bronze Age. In a 2022 study, however, Tristan Carter and Vassilis Kilikoglou found that obsidian object production methods at Malia stayed remarkably consistent during this architectural transition, which they interpret as indicative of local cultural continuity in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages.

Duckweed is a small freshwater plant that is often exposed to zinc pollution. Sofia Vámos and colleagues collected samples of four duckweed ecotypes (genetically and geographically distinct populations within a species), along with water from each ecotype’s habitat. Hypothesizing that each ecotype is adapted to its local conditions in ways that bolster its growth and resistance to pollutants, the researchers grew each ecotype in all four water samples and with three levels of zinc (none, low, high). (The researchers did not replicate local differences in light or temperature.) They found that the ecotypes grew equally well in all four water samples and that adding zinc consistently enhanced growth, regardless of concentration, suggesting that ______

In Puerto Rico, it’s not unusual for a city or town to be known by a nickname that corresponds to one of its notable features, like landscape, climate, famous residents, or chief export. For example, the Puerto Rican municipality of Manatí is well known for its history as a cultural center in the early 20th ______ this distinction has earned it the fitting nickname of “the Athens of Puerto Rico.”

Working on an unimaginably small scale of billionths of a meter, nanoengineers have found ways to leverage palladium ______ to facilitate energy generation in fuel cells.

The Hornbostel-Sachs system classifies musical instruments by how they produce sound. For example, an instrument that is popular in Norway called the hardingfele produces sound primarily through the vibration of its strings. ______ under the Hornbostel-Sachs system, the hardingfele is a chordophone.

Brain imaging research led by neuroscientist Dwaynica Greaves found that actors showed suppressed responses in the left anterior prefrontal cortex (the portion of the brain associated with self-awareness) when their names were called during performances; ______ the actors’ responses were normal in nonacting contexts. These findings suggest that when embodying characters, performers may temporarily set aside their personal identities.

• The Highpointers Club is a hiking club. 
• One of the main goals among club members is to reach the highest points in all fifty US states. 
• Those who achieve this are called 50 Completers. 
• In Suk Han became a 50 Completer on November 15, 2013. 
• The highest point in West Virginia is Spruce Knob, at 4,863 ft. 
• The highest point in Colorado is Mount Elbert, at 14,440 ft.

• Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737) was an Italian instrument maker. 
• He made about 1,000 violins in his lifetime. 
• Musicians prize his Stradivarius violins for their famed sound quality. 
• The Marie Hall Stradivarius is named for former owner Marie Hall, a British violinist.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: 

• Louis Ballard was a classical composer and citizen of the Quapaw Tribe. 
• Ballard’s composition Desert Trilogy was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in music in 1971. 
• His composition Washington Festival Suite incorporates a Pueblo log drum, a traditional Native instrument. 
• Ethnomusicologist Tara Browner claims that Ballard’s compositions rely on elements originating within Native musical traditions.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: 

• Suzanne K. Birner led a study analyzing rocks on the seafloor to better understand the history of Earth’s mantle. 
• Rock samples were collected from two seafloor ridges. 
• The researchers determined the samples’ period of formation (the Archean eon) and oxidation level (extremely low). 
• High temperatures in the Archean likely caused the rocks’ low oxidation. 
• Birner’s team suggests the oxidation of Earth’s mantle has remained stable over time, contrary to previous theories. 
• The findings help explain the unique conditions that allowed life to develop on Earth.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: 

• Leaders of the Province of Guatemala proclaimed independence for Central America from the Spanish Empire on September 15, 1821. 
• The accompanying Declaration of Independence was written by Honduran scholar and politician José Cecilio del Valle. 
• The 1812 Spanish Constitution had provided some degree of independence for Central America, but it was repealed by the Spanish king in 1814. 
• Valle, a loyal advisor to the Spanish Empire’s administrators in Central America, had long opposed independence. 
• He changed his mind after Colonel Rafael del Riego’s 1820 revolt, which demanded the return of rights lost in 1814.