📐 Scoreshake Real DSAT #23 복습 드릴

Microplastics are a common pollutant in large masses of water like glaciers. High concentrations and ______ among particles—variations in size, shape, and material—make it onerous to comprehensively classify the microplastics in a water sample, so Ojeda-Benítez et al. are exploring a device to help quickly and accurately identify certain characteristics.

The following text is adapted from John Matheus’s 1925 short story “Fog.” 

The fog extended its tentacles over city and river, gradually obliterating traces of familiar landscapes. At five-thirty the old Panhandle bridge, supported by massive sandstone pillars, stalwart, as when erected fifty years before to serve a generation now passed behind the portals of life, had become a spectral outline against the sky.

Tomi Adeyemi’s first published work, the inventive West African–inspired fantasy novel Children of Blood and Bone, has intriguing things to say about the relationship between identity and power. Adeyemi works in a decades-long tradition going back to writers such as Samuel Delany and Octavia Butler, who wove cultural elements of the Black diaspora into their science fiction and fantasy in a movement known as Afrofuturism. At its core, the movement is characterized by speculation, not just about distant futures or other planets but also about alternate versions of our shared past. Afrofuturism’s meditations on authority reinvigorate the creative potential of fiction.

In a 2024 study, Corrine Walsh and colleagues examined whether the composition of soil microbial communities could affect plants’ flavor chemistry. Whereas Baslam et al. (2011) showed that adding specific bacterial or fungal strains to soil can yield increased flavonoid content in spinach crops, Walsh and team applied intact microbial communities gathered from ecologically distinct settings across Colorado, including areas of ponderosa pine forest and irrigated pasture, to mustard plants and evaluated the flavor compounds in the plants’ seeds. This ensured that the microbial conditions in their experiment would better reflect the variation and complexity of naturally occurring communities.

Quality assessments of concrete typically focus almost exclusively on compressive strength as a measure of durability, overlooking other potentially relevant factors. Lisa Ptacek et al. therefore investigated the potential of gas permeability (vulnerability to incursion by gases), which is caused in part by excessive porosity, as a durability indicator. Their measurements and observations revealed that quality of conditions during the concrete curing phase negatively correlates with gas permeability and that high gas permeability values are associated with increased deterioration as concrete surfaces age.

Studies have shown that when we listen to high-tempo music (songs with a high number of beats per minute, or bpm) during endurance exercise, we perceive our effort as lower than it actually is, which leads to an increased pace and a higher heart rate. Researchers recently designed a follow-up study in which participants jogged outdoors for 30 minutes while listening to Aerosmith's "Livin' on the Edge" (169 bpm) continuously. The next day, participants performed the same activity while listening to Ella Fitzgerald's "From This Moment On" (93 bpm). As expected, listening to that song resulted in participants _______

Jesse Treviño’s 1976 painting Mis Hermanos was featured in the Smithsonian’s 2013 exhibition Our America: The Latino Presence in American Art. The piece ______ chosen for the exhibition by curator E. Carmen Ramos.

Mia Heavener’s 2019 novel Under Nushagak Bluff, which takes place in a mid-twentieth century rural Alaskan fishing ______ the story of three Yup’ik women who grapple with the rise of commercial fisheries and other changes affecting their community.

Museo Casa Canales, a history museum in Jayuya, Puerto Rico, is one of more than eighty museums in the US territory. These museums present a wide range of information about Puerto Rico, showcasing everything from the territory’s history to ______ architecture to its coffee.

Recordings of electrical activity in the brain, ______ increased activity in brain areas associated with suppressing motor functions. 

On January 11, 1996, the space shuttle Endeavour blasted off into space, commencing Mission ______ eight days and twenty-two hours, the mission ended when the shuttle landed at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

In a 1948 article titled “The Language of Lines,” Brazilian photographer José Yalenti argued that black-and-white photography’s distinctive—and in his view, superior—use of lines is what elevates the medium to the status of fine art. ______ Yalenti insisted that conveying perspective through linear forms is photography’s “indisputable and exclusive domain,” creating a visual language surpassing even celebrated painters’ works.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: 

• A nonnative species is considered invasive if it causes environmental or economic harm in an ecosystem. 
• Multiflora rose is a species of shrub native to East Asia. 
• It can also be found in the midwestern and eastern US. 
• There, it forms dense thickets and invades pastures. It is considered an invasive species in the US.

In the search for new impact craters on Mars, the roles of seismic monitoring and orbital imaging as data sources are ______: when vibrations detected with seismic monitoring indicate roughly where an impact has occurred, researchers can use orbital images of that relatively limited area of the rocky surface to precisely locate a new crater.

______ the mythological and heroic subject matter often found in works by Horace Vernet and other establishment figures, Honoré Daumier’s painting The Third-Class Carriage instead focuses on something decidedly mundane: working-class travelers in a third-class railway car.

A conclusive demonstration of the logical certainty of the honeycomb conjecture, posed in the first century BCE, ______ mathematicians’ efforts until Thomas C. Hales presented the first valid proof of the conjecture in 1999.

Most Native languages belong to language families, or groups of languages whose structural and lexical correspondence likely derives from their descent from a single language spoken long ago. A minority—such as Washoe, which is spoken in California and Nevada, and Chitimacha, which is spoken in Louisiana—are isolates, having no demonstrable genealogical relationship to other languages. Yet Washoe and Chitimacha, like all isolates, are potentially remnants of families whose other members vanished before the historical record could attest to them, perhaps through the geographical expansion of extant families.

The following text is adapted from Mark Twain’s 1876 novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Aunt Polly is having dinner with Tom, her mischievous young nephew.

Aunt Polly asked [Tom] questions that were full of guile, and very deep—for she wanted to trap him into damaging revealments. Like many other simple-hearted souls, it was her pet vanity to believe she was endowed with a talent for dark and mysterious diplomacy, and she loved to contemplate her most transparent devices as marvels of low cunning.

From petroleum refining to fuel for residential heating, hydrogen has many applications. Currently, producing hydrogen is carbon intensive, but Alexandra M. Oliveira is one of many scholars investigating the feasibility of large-scale production of hydrogen through electrolysis, a process that emits no carbon when renewable energy is used. Oliveira suggests that although some obstacles may prevent electrolytic hydrogen from dominating energy systems, there is utility in its ability to decarbonize the petroleum and heating industries, where reducing carbon emissions is especially challenging.

In subtropical Asia, Apis dorsata (giant honeybee) plays an essential role in pollinating a wide variety of crops and wild plants. To study how different agricultural land covers affect the species, Rika Raffiudin and colleagues monitored the foraging activity of the bees as well as the pollen content of the honey from A. dorsata colonies at two sites in Indonesia: Kampar, characterized by its surrounding monoculture farms (growing a single crop), and Kerinci, a forest-agriculture site where multiple crops, including hot peppers and coffee, are grown nearby. The researchers concluded that a lack of crop variety may reduce total pollen collection by A. dorsata.

Richard II is a play from the 1590s by William Shakespeare. Although King Richard has been vanquished by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, he intimates that he is not entirely ready to show subservience to his cousin, saying, ______

Scholars cite Men of Maize, the 1949 novel by Guatemalan author Miguel Ángel Asturias, as a foundational text of magical realism, the Latin American style of fiction in which antirealistic plot devices—often borrowed from the spiritual and narrative traditions of Indigenous and colonial societies in the Americas—are deployed in an otherwise realistic mode of representation typical of the modern novel. This style has exerted a decisive influence on authors in the United States, including Susan Power, whose 1994 novel The Grass Dancer resembles classic magical realist novels in its juxtaposition of literary realism with long-established cultural traditions—namely, those of the Dakota people of the northern plains.

While mammals collectively exhibit the highest ratio of brain size to body size among vertebrates, a team led by paleontologist Ornella Bertrand demonstrates that for ten million years following the extinction of dinosaurs, that ratio in fact shrank for mammals as they evolved to fill newly vacated ecological niches and their bodies increased in size more rapidly than their brains. Competition for resources tends to favor intelligence and thus large, complex brains, but during this period, the abundance of resources relative to mammalian population numbers likely moderated competition and facilitated an increase in body size. Bertrand and her team reason that as population numbers swelled, competition intensified, creating conditions that ______

In an analysis of medieval urbanization in York, Bautzen, and other European settlements, researchers drew on modern urban scaling theory, which posits that population density in core urban areas increases as a city grows larger. Hypothesizing that this typical relationship would have differed in medieval settlements because of the constraining influence of strong hierarchical social structures (which are much less pronounced in modern cities) on social networking and economic integration—drivers of urban agglomeration—the team created a model that accounted for the presence of restrictive institutions. They found that the typically expected density–size relationship held for each of the 173 medieval settlements whose growth they analyzed, suggesting ______

Painter Georgette _______ for incorporating everyday objects from her Singaporean environment—such as lanterns, mooncakes, and tropical fruits—into her still-life compositions, was a pivotal figure in the mid-twentieth-century Nanyang art movement, which sought to blend European painting traditions (including still life) with elements of Southeast Asian cultures and art.

Los Angeles–based artist Henry Taylor's large, vibrant paintings of prominent Black figures such as Olympian Alice Coachman (See Alice Jump, 2011) and artist David Hammons (Hammons meets a hyena on holiday, _______ celebrated by admirers of twenty-first-century portraiture, attracted legions of new fans in 2024 when they were included in a popular Taylor retrospective at the Whitney Museum.

Among the small magazines animating London's vibrant literary scene in the early twentieth century was _______ by Wyndham Lewis and featuring artwork by Edward Wadsworth, Frederick Etchells, and Jacob Epstein; fiction by Rebecca West and Ford Madox Ford; and a manifesto penned by Lewis, this magazine publicized the work of influential avant-garde writers and artists of the day.

Reena Esmail's classical composition "Summitless Mountains" incorporates a raag, a melodic framework used in Hindustani classical music, called Raag Chandrakauns. Often, interplay between the raag's designated vadi and samvadi (the first- and second-most important notes, respectively) and its prescribed melodic sequences _______ an unsettled mood.

The early Australian railroad system of the 1800s was famously uncoordinated. Trains on the broad gauge Victorian Goldfields Railway line in Victoria couldn’t travel on the Hotham Valley Railway in Western Australia, which used narrow gauge tracks, without performing time-consuming conversions. ______ historians refer to this complicated system as the “mixed gauge muddle.”

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• 1914: British explorer Ernest Shackleton and a small crew embarked on an expedition to Antarctica.
• 1915: Shackleton’s ship Endurance became stuck in ice before eventually breaking apart and sinking.
• 1916: After more harrowing sea-ice adventures, the entire crew was rescued.
• 1959: Historian Alfred Lansing wrote a book called Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage.
• 2001: Filmmaker George Butler released a documentary called The Endurance: Shackleton’s Legendary Antarctic Expedition.
• 2022: The wreckage of Endurance was discovered at the bottom of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for 90 participants in a study.