📐 Scoreshake Real DSAT #24 복습 드릴

Fossil records have allowed us to identify species like the Columbian mammoth, an animal found throughout the area from the northern US to Central America before it became extinct around 5800 BCE. Current figures for the number of extinct species from this period, however, are likely to be underestimates, as most extinct animals are thought to be ______: many scientists believe there are hundreds of species from this time that we have not discovered.

The influence of William Shakespeare's writings is clear in a vast range of subsequent literary works and is similarly _______ in many works in other media, from fine art (such as Edward Alcock's painting Portia and Shylock) to popular music (such as the musician Elvis Costello's song "Miss Macbeth").

The Apollo Moon landings (1969–1972) brought atmospheric sensors and soil sensors to the Moon and produced large amounts of data, much of which was stored on technologies that are now obsolete. A data-transfer project is working to _______ these data so that the information is available to researcher Noah Petro, who is investigating the geology of the Moon.

The following text is adapted from Henry James’s 1881 novel The Portrait of a Lady. 

Everything Osmond did was pose—pose so subtly considered that if one were not on the lookout one mistook it for impulse. Ralph had never met a man who lived so much in the land of consideration. His tastes, his studies, his accomplishments, his collections, were all for a purpose.

Mastering 'ajami, a Syrian art of creating intricately painted wood panels, demands a skill set that _______ innate talent: crafting the panels requires not just the ability to draw but also an understanding of traditional techniques, materials, and design elements, necessitating expertise gained through dedicated guidance from experienced artisans.

In a section of a 1976 essay discussing the cinema of the United States, James Baldwin observed that Lady Sings the Blues (1972), a biographical film about jazz singer Billie Holiday, can be said to reflect Holiday’s life and the experiences of Black Americans only “by courtesy.” According to Baldwin, the failure of this film to authentically represent its subject matter is indicative of a larger trend in films of the era: rather than leveraging the medium’s potential to confront difficult truths, filmmakers and studios often resorted to platitudes about contemporary US society.

Founded in 1904, the Hispanic Society of America showcases the arts and cultures of Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking regions around the world, including Latin America. It is located in New York City and has more than 18,000 objects in its museum collection. Since 2000, a number of other institutions devoted to Latino cultures have opened in the United States. A notable example is the National Hispanic Cultural Center in Albuquerque. It focuses on the literature, art, and cultures of Latin America as well as of Latino communities in the United States.

The following text is adapted from Daniel Defoe’s 1704 nonfiction book The Storm.

If I judge right, ’tis the duty of an historian to set everything in its own light, and to convey matter of fact upon its legitimate authority, and no other: I mean thus, (for I would be as explicit as I can) that where a story is vouched to him with sufficient authority, he ought to give the world the special testimonial of its proper voucher, or else he is not just to the story: and where it comes without such sufficient authority, he ought to say so; otherwise he is not just to himself.

In what is now Washington state, the Tulalip Tribes operate the Hibulb Cultural Center. Relying on traditional knowledge to guide the design of exhibits, this institution presents Tulalip history and culture to the tribes' citizens. The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, a tribe in North Dakota, employs a similar strategy in its own cultural center. Both centers contrast with museums that aren't Indigenous-led; when displaying Indigenous artifacts, such museums tend to anticipate mainly non-Indigenous audiences and rely on Eurocentric strategies for designing exhibits.

The Girl Scouts of America is an organization famous for its annual sales of several varieties of cookies, including S’Mores. A student is writing an essay on the history of the organization. The student claims that from 1992 to 1995 the organization’s popularity regularly peaked among participants in a certain age range before declining among older participants as Girl Scout activities began to compete with other interests.

The Man-Made World: Or, Our Androcentric Culture is a 1911 nonfiction work by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the text, the author emphasizes the importance of cultivating individuals rather than comparing them: _______

Researchers have identified over eighty gestures made by nonhuman great apes, such as raising an arm and rocking from side to side, that appear to convey information and that seem to be biologically inherited. Kirsty E. Graham and Catherine Hobaiter hypothesized that humans may be able to interpret great ape gestures, either through an evolutionary inheritance or as part of more general human cognitive abilities. The researchers tested this hypothesis by enlisting participants in an online game in which they had to correctly identify the meanings of ape gestures seen in videos. Though participants achieved some success, it is unclear whether they sometimes did so by making use of additional context provided by the images or sounds in the video recordings.

Coffee farming around the world has changed greatly over time. Originally, coffee plants grew in the shade of tropical forests. Today coffee is often grown without shade cover. This is because full-sun coffee farms can produce more coffee beans. But the lack of trees on such farms means a lack of spaces for many species of birds to roost. Therefore, compared with full-sun coffee farms, shaded farms tend to _____

The atomic structure of an element ______ the element’s place on the periodic table.

In the nineteenth century, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony _______ for women's right to vote in the United States.

While conducting an interview for her book Latina Authors and Their Muses, editor Mayra Calvani asked Sarah Cortez, author of the memoir Walking Home, what _______ Cortez's response was Bury Me Deep by Megan Abbott.

Choreographers George Balanchine and Martha Graham both contributed sections to the dance piece Episodes, which premiered at New York's City Center of Music and Drama in 1959. This cross-genre collaboration brought together the distinct features of Balanchine's neoclassical ballet and Graham's modern _______ the stylistic diversity and creative innovation within the dance world.

In the book A Theory of Harmony (1985), Swiss musicologist Ernst Levy argued that every chord has an opposite that can be substituted for it. For example, a pianist could replace the vi chord with the ♭III chord while _______ chord is a given chord's opposite can be determined using a music visualization tool called the circle of fifths.

In her Silueta sculpture series, the Cuban American artist Ana _____ to access what she called an "omnipresent female force," utilized a variety of natural materials to create outlines—or silhouettes—of her own body.

The United Nations' Trade and Development Organization divides exports into five key categories: food items, agricultural materials, fuels, ores and raw metals, and manufactured goods (i.e., most nonfood goods made by machinery or by hand). In 2022, the majority (62 percent) of Belgium's exports were manufactured goods. _____ vaccines, medicines, and cars were its top exports.

A research team led by Gal Badihi has discovered that chimpanzees communicate through exchanges of gestures occurring at a pace similar to that of human conversations. _____ chimpanzee gesture exchanges have short pauses of about 120 milliseconds between communications, comparable to the 200-millisecond average pause between turns in human speech.

Artists’ palettes—the surfaces on which painters arrange and mix their paints—can provide valuable insights into the painters’ creative processes. In her 2024 book The Artist’s Palette, Alexandra Loske analyzes the palettes of 50 different painters across 500 years. ______ Loske reveals clues about the techniques and practices of such artists as Kerry James Marshall, Artemisia Gentileschi, and Vincent van Gogh.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Great Salt Lake in Utah is one of the world's saltiest bodies of water.
• The northern portion of the lake has a higher concentration of salt than the southern portion.
• Crustaceans called Artemia franciscana live in the southern portion.
  
• Bacteria called Nodularia live in the southern portion.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• EVAs are activities performed outside a spacecraft by astronauts in outer space.
• EVAs are also known as spacewalks.
• Richard Mastracchio is a former US astronaut who has performed 9 spacewalks.
• The total time of Mastracchio's spacewalks was 53 hours and 4 minutes.
• Garrett Reisman is a former US astronaut who has performed 3 spacewalks.
• The total time of Reisman's spacewalks was 21 hours and 21 minutes.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a protected natural area in California.
• It encompasses 1,023 acres.
• The Tijuana Slough NWR was established to safeguard the habitat of the light-footed clapper rail, an endangered species.
• The Tijuana Slough NWR is managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.
• The US Fish & Wildlife Service limits human activities in the area.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• An isthmus is a strip of land that connects two larger pieces of land across an expanse of water.
• It is also known as a land bridge.
• The Isthmus of Ierapetra connects the Siteia municipality to the rest of the island of Crete.
• The Isthmus of Ierapetra is located in the Mediterranean Sea.

Exposed to harsh environmental conditions for centuries, lighthouses such as La Jument lighthouse off the coast of Brittany, France, exemplify the ______ between marine structures and ocean forces: the continuous impact of breaking waves necessitates periodic reinforcements to or redesigns of the structures that in turn may alter local wave patterns.

Analysis of preserved plants cataloged in the United States Virtual Herbarium indicates that rising temperatures correlate with earlier leaf production, but such specimens represent only brief moments in plants' overall development. _____ this research with studies involving live plants would enable a fuller understanding of how these observed changes affect plant fitness.

Although Mistress and Maid, which depicts two women perusing a letter, is atypical of Johannes Vermeer's genre paintings (scenes of everyday life) in that its subjects are set against a plain background instead of—as in Woman with a Pearl Necklace—a richly detailed one, the painting nonetheless _____ many signature traits of Vermeer's art, including realistic rendering of natural light.

Technological advances have prompted companies to increasingly rely on automation to streamline production. Armin Granulo and colleagues, however, found that for products with higher symbolic value (those viewed as contributing to individual self-expression), consumers prefer products made by humans rather than by robots, likely because human-made products are more strongly associated with uniqueness. When considering automation, therefore, companies—especially those specializing in products of symbolic value—should weigh trade-offs between efficiency gains and consumer preferences.

Typically, synthetic leather is petroleum-based, but materials scientists searching for an ecologically sustainable alternative have used various bacteria that secrete linear chains of glucose, forming a dense mesh of cellulose called a pellicle, which is leatherlike except in color. The standard process for dyeing leather generates substantial wastewater and other undesirable byproducts, so adopting such a regimen would run counter to the ecological promise of the pellicle approach. To address this, Kenneth T. Walker and colleagues worked to modify Komagataeibacter rhaeticus bacteria to produce a pellicle with embedded pigmentation cells, thereby allowing the pellicle to “dye” itself from the inside.

Paul Linebarger is often recognized as an influential science fiction writer (under the pen name Cordwainer Smith), but his most significant work was a 1940s classified US Army guide exploring the role of propaganda in times of war. Citing the uniquely absorbing nature of motion pictures, he contended that US propaganda should equal popular films in its appeal, entertaining audiences while engendering views of the nation as an ally. Linebarger's work shaped the distinctive US approach to promoting national interests, one that continues to draw inspiration from elements of pop culture.

Most bird species that are capable of flight weigh less than a kilogram (kg), which is not surprising considering the burden that extra body weight puts on a flying animal. But not all flying birds are so light, as we can see most clearly in the example of the _____

Most Native languages belong to language families, or groups of languages whose similarities in vocabulary and grammar suggest shared descent from a single language spoken long ago. In contrast, the language spoken by the Chimariko people in a mountainous area of Northern California was an isolate, or a language with no demonstrated relationship to other languages. Isolates are more prevalent in mountainous regions, likely because challenging terrain inhibits the geographical expansion of language families. Yet factors other than geographical barriers also influenced the distribution of Indigenous languages in California and elsewhere in the present-day United States.

In 2004, the US state of North Dakota enacted rate stability regulations (RSRs), constraining insurance companies' latitude to raise premiums (the periodic fees policyholders pay to maintain insurance policies) after policies are in effect. RSRs are effective at protecting existing policyholders from price volatility, but Naoki Aizawa and Ami Ko note that since dynamic pricing of premiums is an important risk-mitigation tool for insurers, RSRs may lead some insurers to scale back or entirely cease selling new policies in the affected market, thereby reducing the competitive pressure that typically restrains premium prices for new policies. Thus, North Dakota's RSRs may _____

To British musician Jacob Collier, substituting the II chord for the ♭vii chord—its opposite in pitch and tone—adds expression to improvisation without creating dissonance. This conceptualization of harmonic opposites did not originate with ______ in 1985, the idea was first articulated in Swiss musicologist Ernst Levy’s posthumously published book A Theory of Harmony.

"Streetwide and bitter as hope / strewn between El Salvador and San Francisco." These lines are from a poem by Chicano _____ whose early career as a campesino informs the dialogue on Mexican American politics and identity that unfolds in his work.

To determine the approximate age of stone tools excavated from ancient lake beds in Saudi Arabia, archaeologist Eleanor Scerri and colleagues collected samples of sediments surrounding the tools; these samples were then analyzed using a method known as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. _____ OSL dating indicated that the tools were around 400,000 years old.

Macarena Garcia Marin is a space scientist who works on the James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST. Thanks in part to Garcia Marin's contributions, the telescope is now positioned near the Sun-Earth L₂ Lagrange point, almost one million miles beyond Earth's orbit. _____ the JWST's predecessor, the Hubble Telescope, is only about 340 miles above Earth's surface.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity allows for potential shortcuts through spacetime.
• These hypothetical spacetime tunnels are known as wormholes.
• For matter to travel through a wormhole, it would need to have negative energy density.
• Negative energy density means that the matter would have less energy than empty space.
• Such matter has not been shown to exist.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Researchers Gwangu Kim et al. sought to explore the relationship between the brain's ability to process natural sounds and its ability to process music. They used an artificial deep neural network (DNN) that models how the brain processes auditory information. The DNN had been trained to detect natural sounds (excluding music).

Finding: The DNN spontaneously developed neurons that responded to music but not to other auditory stimuli.

Conclusion: The brain's ability to process music may arise as a by-product of natural sound processing.