The following text is adapted from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows. The Mole is dazed after briefly meeting a stranger while traveling with a friend.

[The] Mole stood still a moment, held in thought. As one wakened suddenly from a beautiful dream, who struggles to recall it, and can re-capture nothing but a dim sense of the beauty of it, the beauty! Till that, too, fades away in its turn.

The professor's lecture was not merely informative but truly ______, as it integrated groundbreaking research on CRISPR technology, reshaping genetic engineering. Though not everyone initially grasped its impact, the scientific evidence presented by Dr. Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley, was irrefutable, heralding a new era in molecular biology.

From sculptures like Miró's Chicago by Joan Miró, found at Brunswick Plaza, to street art like Justus Roe's mural South Shore on South Exchange Avenue, Chicago offers an array of works to ______ the tastes of art lovers.

Alfred Nobel intended for the Nobel Prize to be an award honoring those who have contributed "the greatest benefit to mankind." Indeed, the work of Richard Laurence Millington Synge represented a significant _____ the field of chemistry and in 1952 he was among those awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "their invention of partition chromatography."

The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram's 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. Darius, a teenager from the United States, is visiting his grandparents, Babou and Mamou, in Iran. They are preparing for a holiday celebration.

I felt like a tourist.

But Babou fussed with my cap a little more, even though Mamou had already gotten it settled. He looked me in the eye from time to time, like he was looking for something, and thought maybe—just maybe—I had it in me after all.

Babou hummed to himself as he smoothed out my shoulder seams and rested his hands on them.

"I am glad you are here to see this, Darioush-jan." Maybe I wasn't such a tourist.

@2018 by Adib Khorram

The following text is from Lady Gregory's 1904 play Spreading the News. Mrs. Tarpey, Bartley, and Mrs. Fallon have been buying and selling goods at the local fair.

MRS. TARPEY: Good morrow,

BARTLEY FALLON; good morrow,

MRS. FALLON: Well, Bartley, you'll find no cause for complaining to-day; they are all saying it was a good fair.
BARTLEY: (Raising his voice.) It was not a good fair. Mrs. Tarpey. It was a scattered sort of a fair. If we didn't expect more, we got less. That's the way with me always; whatever I have to sell goes down and whatever I have to buy goes up. If there's ever any misfortune coming to this world, it's on myself it pitches, like a flock of crows on seed potatoes.

The 2017 novella Mapping the Interior confirmed that Stephen Graham Jones is one of the most talented writers of horror fiction today. By featuring main characters who are Blackfeet, like Jones himself, the novella also helped to ensure that Indigenous people have a place within the horror genre. But Jones is hardly the only Indigenous voice in horror: Métis author Cherie Dimaline has also written in the genre. Her acclaimed 2019 novel Empire of Wild is set in a Métis community in southern Canada.

The following text is from Frances E. W. Harper's 1892 novel Jola Leroy. The text describes Robert Johnson, who has recently joined the US Army.

He was daring, without being rash: prompt, but not thoughtless; firm, without being harsh. Kind and devoted to the company he drilled, he soon won the respect of his superior officers and the love of his comrades.

Researchers César A. Hidalgo, Elisa Castañer, and Andres Sevtsuk created a computer model to predict the mix of gyms, beauty salons, and other businesses found in a given neighborhood. How we define a neighborhood and its boundaries is subjective, so the team used a clustering algorithm to locate dense groupings of amenities that represent human-identified neighborhoods like Boston's Central Square. The predictive model, which incorporates this algorithm, is sure to be invaluable in determining the optimal mix of a city's amenities.

A student is writing an essay about four pyramids for a history class and wants to note how long ago each pyramid was built and how tall each pyramid is. Consulting the table, the student finds that the Pyramid of Djoser was built 4,600 to 4,700 years ago and is _____

Drosophila (fruit flies) have generation times of 10-12 days, so seasonal changes in humidity and other environmental conditions can drive seasonal fluctuations in chromosome rearrangements in species such as D. persimilis and D. subobscura. Drosophila body size (for which wing centroid size serves as a proxy measure) correlates with life span. Banu Sebnem Önder and Cansu Fidan Aksoy measured the wing sizes of members of a D. melanogaster population in Yesilöz, Turkey, that were collected monthly between May and October over three years. Their research  suggests that Drosophila collected in relatively warmer months should tend to have a longer life span, as is illustrated by the finding that _____

New Zealand has classified the rainbow lorikeet as an invasive species that could harm some of the country's native species. But researchers Alejandro Camacho and Jason McLachlan have pointed out that Earth's climate is changing in ways that challenge such classifications. Climate changes may force animals from their current ranges. Climate changes may also create good habitats in areas where a species couldn't live previously. These observations suggest that ______

The size of bird eggs varies widely across species, and the researchers, _____ computer imaging to compare the lengths of eggs from species like Buteo albicaudatus and Treron vernans, aimed to shed light on the evolutionary basis for such variation.

In their 2019 study of butterfly diversity at Rupa Lake in Nepal, researcher Bandana Subedi and her colleagues counted 1,535 butterflies from 138 different species, including one specimen of the _____ Doleschallia bisaltide, a very rare butterfly known among lepidopterists as the autumn leaf.

When _____ debuted in January 1983 as part of the exhibit Women of Clay, the artworks brought vibrant visual texture to the bustling terminals of San Francisco International Airport.

One might assume that Germany's Amrumbank West offshore wind farm produces the same amount of energy as land-based wind farms of a similar size. ______ because wind speeds over open water are generally higher than those over land, Amrumbank West's turbines turn faster and produce more energy than do most land farms' turbines.

Those who looked up at the right time on July 9, 1926, would have witnessed an annular solar eclipse, during which the Moon blocks most of the Sun and causes it to look like a ring of light. _____ stargazers on December 24, 1927, would have seen a partial solar eclipse, during which the Moon only blocks a portion of the Sun and causes it to look like a crescent.

• Silent films can be valuable historical documents of their time.
• Ninety percent of silent films made before 1930 are now lost.
• A film is considered lost when no remaining copies are known to exist.
• Director Oscar Micheaux's 1922 silent film The Dungeon is lost.
• Director Jay Marchant's 1925 silent film The Fighting Ranger is lost.
• Archives such as the Pacific Film Archive in Berkeley, California, help preserve some of the remaining films from the 1920s.

• The Botswana Federation of Trade Unions (BFTU) is a national union federation for the African nation of Botswana.
  
• It helps improve conditions for workers in that nation.
  
• ITUC-Africa is a regional union federation that represents national union federations across Africa.
  
• It represents the BFTU.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The United States has designated more than 500 areas National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs).
• Some NWRs were established specifically to protect endangered species.
• The James River NWR is a 4,147-acre area in Virginia, on the Atlantic coast.
• It was established to protect the endangered bald eagle.
• The Hopper Mountain NWR is a 2,471-acre area in California, on the Pacific coast.
• It was established to protect the endangered California condor. 

The Industrial Revolution marked a significant turning point in history. It began in the 18th century and led to profound changes in society. Innovations in manufacturing processes, the advent of the steam engine, and the expansion of railroads contributed to unprecedented economic growth and urbanization. According to historian Sam Yarborough, these developments collectively signal the era's transformation towards ______.

In a study on human psychology, it was found that regular physical exercise significantly enhances cognitive functions. The research demonstrated that individuals who engage in consistent physical activity exhibit improved memory, faster learning, and better problem-solving skills. This discovery is ______ to understanding the positive impact of lifestyle choices on mental health and overall well-being.

In the 1960s, psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a controversial experiment that illuminated the profound effect of authority on obedience. Under an experimenter's guidance, participants were willing to ______ what they incorrectly believed were electric shocks that escalated in intensity on another person. The experiment underscored that individuals might carry out orders even when they conflict with their conscience simply because an authority figure has directed them.

In biological ecosystems, the survival of a species is often determined by the ______ of its interactions with the environment and other organisms. If a species can efficiently obtain resources and reproduce while avoiding predators, its population is likely to thrive. Conversely, if the species faces excessive competition or environmental challenges, its population may decline.

In the academic field, my less conventional approach draws skepticism from peers; my colleagues do not care for my narrative style, which speculates on the lives of those who inhabited the ancient ruins. Eschewing the university for the field, I'm an outlier whose popular work challenges the traditional rigor expected by academia.

In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the green light at the end of Daisy's dock serves as a ______ symbol. It represents Gatsby's hopes and dreams for the future, as well as the broader theme of the American Dream's elusiveness. The light's constant presence and unattainable nature reflect the characters' ongoing pursuit of their desires and the ultimate dissatisfaction that often follows.

Recent studies in the field of cognitive neuroscience suggest that meditation can significantly alter brain structure and function. Researchers have found that regular meditation practice is associated with increased gray matter density in regions of the brain related to memory, empathy, and stress regulation. These findings imply that the practice of meditation not only has immediate psychological benefits but can also lead to long-term changes in brain anatomy, potentially enhancing mental health and cognitive capabilities.

The following text is excerpted from 1904 poem The Moonlit Garden by Amelia Thorne.

Beneath the moon's ethereal glow, 

Pale blossoms whisper stories untold. 

Fountains gurgle soft and low, 

As secrets in the moonlight unfold.

Each gentle breeze a fragrant sigh, 

Carries whispers on the air. 

Mysteries in the darkness lie, 

Awaiting daybreak's gentle stare.

At Diné College, a tribal institution, the Diné Studies program stands at the forefront, teaching students about hózhó—a key Navajo philosophy of harmony and balance—and exploring various aspects of Navajo culture and history. This educational journey immerses students in the rich traditions and historical narrative of the Navajo people, fostering a deep understanding and appreciation of their cultural heritage, crucial for its preservation and continuation.

The culinary tradition of sushi, originating in Japan, has evolved over centuries to become a globally celebrated cuisine. Initially developed as a method of preserving fish, sushi has transformed into a sophisticated art form that emphasizes fresh, high-quality ingredients and meticulous preparation techniques. Modern sushi chefs often combine traditional methods with innovative approaches, creating visually stunning and flavorful dishes that captivate the senses. The popularity of sushi has led to its adaptation in various cultures, each adding unique twists while respecting its Japanese roots. Sushi's journey from a preservation method to a global culinary phenomenon highlights its versatility and enduring appeal.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa stands as a testament to the Renaissance's shift toward human-centric art. Her enigmatic smile and lifelike gaze mark a departure from the stylized figures of earlier periods. The painting's meticulous attention to detail, from the delicate shading on her skin to the intricately rendered landscape, elevates the human form to artistic perfection. This focus on human potential and beauty aligns with the Renaissance's humanistic ideals, cementing the Mona Lisa's status as a masterpiece that captures both an individual's essence and the spirit of an era.

A television critic faces a dilemma distinct from the typical viewer's dismissive stance on unworthy shows, encapsulated by the phrase, "You couldn't pay me to watch that." For this critic, miniseries are beach reading without the beach, airport reading without the airport. In their eyes, a miniseries is akin to an overlong infomercial, demanding too much time for too little reward, leaving viewers questioning their investment after numerous hours spent before the screen.

Independent film studios began to rise in the 1960s as a counter-movement to the dominant Hollywood system, allowing filmmakers to pursue more avant-garde projects than the typical Hollywood film. An example of such an artist was director Alejandro Ruiz. Collaborating with independent studios gave Ruiz the control not only to produce his own films but also to helm them in his unique vision, irrespective of how unconventional the outcomes appeared to mainstream audiences. In this manner, Ruiz _______

The Rosetta Stone, a granodiorite stele inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt, in 196 B.C., has been pivotal in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs. The decree is written in two languages, Egyptian and Greek, and employs three scripts: hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Greek. Since Greek was well understood when the Stone was discovered, scholars used it to decode the ancient Egyptian scripts. This significant achievement in linguistic archaeology shed light on the Egyptians' sophisticated methods of recording their history and laws. Given the Stone's trilingual inscriptions and its crucial role in deciphering hieroglyphs, it can be inferred that _______.

The committee of experts, who have been studying climate change for decades, ______ a comprehensive report outlining their findings and recommendations.

In 2012, Dr. Aiyana Redhawk, herself a pioneer in renewable energy research, aimed to promote sustainable practices in urban ______ established the Green Cities Initiative, a global organization that for over a decade has provided guidance and resources for cities looking to implement eco-friendly technologies and policies.

When electrons are subjected to a magnetic field (like in a cathode ray tube), they will spiral around the field lines and interact with the surrounding particles in various ways. This type of helical, continuous ______ is known as cyclotron motion, can be observed throughout many scientific experiments.

Chef Julia Morgan’s culinary creations are renowned masterpieces in the world of gastronomy. However, many of the ______ were developed not for fine dining but for mass production; a food manufacturing company had hired Morgan to design meals for pre-packaged frozen dinners and canned goods.

Influential technology company Tech Innovations first launched in 1995 with a focus on integrating advanced software solutions into everyday consumer electronics, making ______ one of the first companies in the industry to pioneer such an approach.

Nestled deep within the dense Amazon rainforest is the ancient city of Z, a lost settlement that was inhabited by indigenous tribes, explorers, traders, and settlers centuries ago before being swallowed by the jungle. Recently, researchers have ______ pottery shards, tools, jewelry, and hundreds of other relics from the overgrown ruins.

After the advent of digital photography in the 1990s, film rolls from the previous century were frequently discarded, and the materials repurposed for various uses. In one notable case, negatives ______ a series of 1930s black-and-white portraits were found lining the inside of an antique picture frame.

Before the company launched its new product line, it conducted market research that ______ customer preferences and buying behaviors.

Quinoa has become a popular health food around the world, known for its high protein content and rich supply of essential amino acids. The grain is also gluten-free, making it a suitable option for people with gluten sensitivities. _____ quinoa is often incorporated into a variety of diets and recipes, from salads to breakfast bowls.

In the 1960s, the environmental movement gained momentum in response to increasing pollution and ecological degradation. Public awareness about the impact of human activities on the environment grew, leading to the first Earth Day in 1970. _____ this newfound environmental consciousness spurred legislative actions, such as the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the passing of the Clean Air Act.

During the Renaissance, the invention of the printing press revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge. Books became more accessible and affordable, leading to increased literacy rates. _____ this technological advancement also allowed for the rapid spread of new ideas and scientific discoveries, shaping modern thought and culture.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen focuses on the social dynamics and romantic entanglements of the Bennet family, particularly Elizabeth Bennet, a young woman.
• Pride and Prejudice is considered a classic work of romantic fiction.
• In romantic fiction, the plot typically revolves around romantic relationships and their development.
• The novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee explores themes of racial injustice, moral growth, and compassion through the perspective of Scout Finch, a young girl.
• To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic work of social commentary.
• In social commentary novels, the story addresses societal issues and often critiques social norms and injustices. 

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Starry Night is a famous painting by Vincent van Gogh, created in 1889.
• The painting depicts a night sky filled with swirling patterns and bright stars over a quiet village.
• The Starry Night is known for its vivid colors and expressive brushwork.
• The cypress tree in the painting's foreground is one of its most recognizable features.
• Van Gogh painted The Starry Night while he was staying at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum in France.

A number of recording artists combine Indigenous music with other musical styles. Wolastoq musician Jeremy Dutcher masterfully incorporated traditional Wolastoq songs into experimental pop on his album Wolastoqiyik Lintuwakonawa. Similarly, Atikamekw singer-songwriter Laura Niquay ____ powwow music with folk-rock on her album Waska Matisiwin.

Some economic theories predict that consumer spending will increase as disposable income rises, but economists Ayesha Karim and Miguel Alvarez demonstrated that this relationship is inconsistent with their findings if disposable income is ______: consumers will save rather than spend when they anticipate future financial instability.

Horizontal gene transfer involves the exchange of genetic material between organisms not in a parent-offspring relationship. It is common among prokaryotes (single-celled organisms, such as the bacteria Carnobacterium viridans and Lactococcus lactis). The process can have the effect of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics; as such, an understanding of how to prevent horizontal gene transfer might result in the mitigation of dangerous pathogens (organisms that cause disease).

Text 1

Literary scholars have struggled with the vastness of Russian writer Alexei Ivanov's collective works of drama (spanning over 20 plays in total). It is best, however, to understand Ivanov's body of work as a dramatist chronologically. Ivanov’s progression as a playwright can be considered to fall into three periods, with each one representing a particular thematic and stylistic cohesion: the 1980s, the two decades between 1990 and 2010, and lastly, from roughly 2010 onwards.

Text 2

It is tempting to impose a linear sense of order on the expanse of Alexei Ivanov's body of work as a dramatist. However, critics who have considered Ivanov’s plays to fit neatly into three phases overlook potential commonalities in Ivanov’s work that span across these phases. Additionally, this view may discount significant differences in the styles and content of plays written around the same time.

In her 1998 book Blues Legacies and Black Feminism, Angela Y. Davis bases her analysis in part on recordings of songs sung in the 1920s by Gertrude “Ma” Rainey and Bessie Smith. Davis focuses on how Rainey and Smith improvised the lyrics—replacing the original lines with mischievous jokes and wordplay. Davis’s work was particularly labor intensive because in order to transcribe, or write down, the lyrics as Rainey and Smith sang them, Davis had to listen repeatedly to the vinyl recordings, which weren’t very clear.

The following text is from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1830 short story “Sir William Phips.”

Few of the personages of past times (except such as have gained renown in fireside legends as well as in written history) are anything but mere names to their successors. They seldom stand up in our Imaginations like men. The knowledge, communicated by the historian and biographer, is analogous to that which we acquire of a country by the map,—minute, perhaps, and accurate, and available for all necessary purposes, but cold and naked, and wholly destitute of the mimic charm produced by landscape painting.

Virtual friendships, characterized by one-sided connections between social media users and online influencers, can yield emotional satisfaction similar to that of real-life friendships. In fact, studies have shown that these virtual connections can provide emotional fulfillment akin to face-to-face interactions, often compensating for a lack of social connections in one’s life. Experts emphasize that such bonds are particularly strong among individuals who spend extensive time on social media, where users develop feelings of camaraderie or closeness towards these influencers.

Many films in a language other than English grow to be financially successful over the course of their time in movie theaters in the United States, but some become immediate successes in their opening weekends. A journalist claims that a film’s reception can greatly influence its longterm success. Indications that the film is of high quality, such as an Oscar nomination, can dramatically boost public interest in the film and thus its overall earnings, even with a relatively modest opening weekend performance: for example, _____

Paintings rich in brushstrokes, individual strokes that compose paintings, appear vibrant, while increases in exposure to sunlight cause photodegradation, making paintings appear faded. Generally, paintings made up of smaller brushstrokes are less affected by sunlight, because damage to a single stroke in a densely painted area is less noticeable compared to damage to a larger stroke. Classifying brushstrokes of less than 1 mm² as fine, brushstrokes between 1 mm² and 1 cm² as somewhat broad, and brushstrokes greater than 1 cm² as broad, Mary Johnson and colleagues studied brushstroke density and photodegradation visibility of paintings in the Art Museum. Upon close examination, the researchers claimed that the amount of sunlight exposure was the primary determinant of paintings’ fading, with the paintings placed in high-sunlight areas more prone to have visible photodegradation than those in low-sunlight areas.

In a study conducted by Sarah Thompson and her team in 2018, they surveyed Native American languages and identified roughly 200 languages, a substantial increase from the 150 languages identified in John Martinez’s 2006 survey—a discrepancy not entirely due to the discovery of new languages. One potential explanation for this difference is that there is less of a consensus on how to classify the linguistic diversity of Native American languages, partly because it is less comprehensively understood than Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan languages, introducing ambiguities in classifying languages at the dialect or language level. Consequently, the classification system or method that researchers choose to adopt can influence the language count. Thus, the difference in the two studies’ language count may be due to the possibility that ______

Indigenous songs can be repositories of ecological information, from Karen (hta) Hin Lad Nai songs about bees to O’odham songs about desert plants. Kwakwaka’wakw song keeper Kwaxsistalla Wathl’thla aided research by ethnobiologist Dana Lepofsky et al. by contributing songs that reference creating terraced intertidal gardens to foster the healthy development of clams, a staple in the Kwakwaka’wakw people’s diet. Such structures date as far back as 3,500 years ago. Intriguingly, analysis of local paleoecological marine bivalve records has revealed significant increases in clam size and productivity as clam garden practices became more prevalent and harvesting pressure increased — a finding that bolsters the notion that _____

Saeed M.Z.A. Tarabieh conducted a study of consumer attitudes toward Jordanian food and beverage companies and found that for consumers who value environmental conservation, their likelihood of purchasing a product decreased when their perception of the product’s risk of causing environmental harm increased. Subsequently, other researchers conducted a study of various demographic groups in Greece, investigating participants’ intentions to purchase a new piece of furniture, and found that, on average, suburban residents had the highest perception among all the demographic groups in the study of the environmental risks of the piece of furniture. Assuming that the results of Tarabieh’s study are broadly applicable, this finding suggests that ____

Quasars — such as CTA 102, located in the Pegasus constellation — are extremely luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes, some of which are known to have developed within the first billion years of the formation of the universe. Based on simulations they conducted, astrophysicists Daniel Whalen, Muhammad Latif, and colleagues concluded that these early quasars developed partly as a result of rare convergences of gases in space without the need for ultraviolet backgrounds or other extreme and implausible environmental conditions that models of the early universe have included to account for the presence of these quasars. If this conclusion is correct, it suggests that _____

Tonga’s constitution, enacted in 1875, contains just one of the six constitutional features that enhance judicial independence, as identified by legal scholars James Melton and Tom Ginsburg. After 1985, such de jure judicial independence became more prevalent, as exemplified in Swaziland’s constitution, enacted in 2005 and _____ five of these features.

The Limon technique, developed by Mexican-born dancer and choreographer Jose Limon, is known for its emphasis on breath control and its interplay of weight and _____ dancers may explore, for example, the moment of mid-air suspension at the top of a jump.

Chondrites are stony meteorites that are undifferentiated—that is, their contents have not melted and separated into distinct layers. They are hardly ______ many chondrites experience aqueous alteration as a result of exposure to fluids, as well as fracturing, veining, and localized melting due to collisions with other objects.

Named for the year in which it was detected by Japanese astronomers, SN 2018zd was a supernova (the explosion of a massive _____ in the constellation Camelopardalis, 70 million light-years from Earth, the transient yet powerful blast propelled particles and debris into space at extremely high speeds.

Not all plants benefit equally or from the same kind of _____ sweet gum and cucumber, for example, benefit from endomycorrhizal associations; many tree species, such as oak and pine, benefit from ectomycorrhizal associations; and plants in the Ericaceae family, such as lingonberry, don’t benefit from mycorrhizae at all.

In Tino Villanueva’s 2016 poem “Field of Moving Colors Layered,” the poet contemplates a painting that has inspired him: Alberto Valdés’s 1965 work Untitled. The painting, which features overlapping geometric shapes, fuels the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity. _____ in responding to Valdés’s artwork, Villanueva’s poem reflects on the relationship between poetry and other art forms.

• Grimanesa Amoros is a Peruvian American artist.
• She is well known for her large-scale LED light sculptures.
• Hedera debuted in 2018 in the Prospect Park Bandshell in Brooklyn, New York.
• It is made of entangled red and white LED tubes.
• It occupies 100,000 cubic feet of space.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Thailand’s annual Songkran Water Festival is held each April.
  
• It marks Songkran, the traditional Thai New Year.
• People splash and spray each other for fun at the festival’s community-wide water fights.
• In Bangkok, thousands gather along Silom Road for the city’s largest water fight.
• In Chiang Mai, thousands gather at a historical monument called the Tha Phae Gate for the city’s largest water fight.

• In a 2005 study, Janecek and Leps tested the effect of plant litter on seedling emergence in a grassland setting.
• Plant litter includes dead leaves and other plant material.
• The test site was a flooded grassland in the Czech Republic.
• It was in a temperate midlatitude climate.
• The researchers found that in these environmental conditions the presence of plant litter had a negative effect on seedling emergence.

Student-produced response directions

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• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
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• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
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Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
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• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
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• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
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• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
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Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.

Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.