British painter Peter Edwards has a _____  painting portraits of notable figures from a variety of different fields. These characteristic works include his esteemed portraits of poet Seamus Heaney and casting director Ruth Lambert.

Ji-li Jiang's book Red Kite, Blue Kite has earned a lot of praise. In fact, the book _____ the Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature.

The equipment from the Apollo Moon landings (1969-1972), such as solar wind sensors and seismic sensors, remains there to this day, but the data from these missions were mostly inaccessible until a recent data-transfer project made them _____. This project has allowed researcher Renee Weber to make use of the information in investigating tectonic activity on the Moon.

The following text is from a 1976 short story in which Gregory, a man of about thirty years old, takes a brief vacation in order to escape his day-to-day worries. 

All day, he wandered carelessly on the moors, not really bothering about direction. He watched lizards dart across the rocks. He rolled in the heather and lay on his back, regarding the butterflies that skittered around him and the birds that sailed on the currents of air high above. He closed his eyes and listened to the subtle vibrations of the land and the distant barking of dogs.

Text 1
In 2019 Bergamo, Italy, was named a City of Gastronomy by UNESCO in recognition of the city's unique food culture. The honor is well known among both residents of the city and tourists who visit. It's obvious that the selection of Bergamo by UNESCO has brought awareness to local recipes, cooking practices, and chefs and has provided a boost to the city's tourism industry.

Text 2
Many residents of Bergamo hoped that food tourism would increase after the city was chosen as a City of Gastronomy in 2019. However, as researcher Eerang Park and colleagues argue, cities must still create effective marketing strategies to benefit fully from being named a City of Gastronomy. Without an intentional effort to promote the city's food scene, many current and potential visitors to Bergamo may not even be aware that it's home to uniquely delicious food.

The following text is adapted from Daniel Defoe's 1704 nonfiction book The Storm.

The sermon is a sound of words spoken to the ear, and prepared only for present meditation, and extends no farther than the strength of memory can convey it; a book printed is a record, remaining in every man's possession, always ready to renew its acquaintance with his memory, and always ready to be produced as an authority or voucher to any reports he makes out of it, and conveys its contents for ages to come, to the eternity of mortal time, when the author is forgotten in his grave.

Scientists collected information about brown bears in Katmai National Park in Alaska. This information Included each bear's sex, age, and approximate weight. The bear with the lowest approximate weight shown in the table was a _____

Lin-Tai Ho and colleagues tracked fish populations in three tide pool-monitoring stations in Taiwan from 1999 to 2018. The streaky rockskipper was especially common at station 3: there, the researchers counted  ______

A student is writing a research paper on the history of irrigation in the southwestern United States, situating the development of Lake Sabrina (a man-made body of water created in Inyo County, California, in 1908) in a larger historical context. In order to emphasize irrigation's importance, the student claims that irrigation is humanity's principal use of water.

The Arapaho language of the Plains region in the United States has 16 vowel and consonant sounds. In contrast, the Hadza language of eastern Africa has 70. Why would languages differ in this way? One researcher has hypothesized that when modern humans arose in Africa, they spoke a single language, but as humans gradually spread throughout Africa and then around the globe, that language developed into new languages. Those developed into still more languages as small bands of humans spread even farther, with each new language retaining fewer sounds from humanity's original language.

Gottfried Schlaug et al. established that musical training is associated with physical alterations in the brain. Noting that such alterations may affect how sonic stimuli engender a hedonic response (a feeling of satisfaction and pleasure), Antonia Olivia Dolan et al. recently had musicians and nonmusicians listen to recordings—Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love," Jose Gonzalez's "Heartbeats," and others— and adjust the volume to the most pleasurable level for each recording. Although musicians and nonmusicians were clinically comparable in terms of their ability to detect sounds, musicians preferred to hear the recordings at a higher volume than nonmusicians did, leading Dolan et al. to conclude that ______

Published in 1945, Gwendolyn Brooks's poem "Queen of the Blues" demonstrates Brooks's penchant for crafting short, compressed lines infused with bursts of vivid imagery and ______ the syncopated rhythms of the blues into her work.

In 2014, actor Keith David voiced the character Old Buzzard in the film Birds of Paradise. David has acted in everything from commercials to Broadway musicals, but his voice acting work is why _____

Ann Greely of Maine _____ a fierce advocate of women's voting rights in the late 1800s. The dedication of Greely and her fellow activists was rewarded in 1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed American women the right to vote.

The city of Quito in Ecuador _____  one of the rare  places in the world located almost directly on the equator.

On February 1, 2018, Florida-based researchers Martha A. Scholl, Maoya Bassiouni, and Angel J. Torres-Sánchez compiled climate data from several sites in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. At CC1, the site with the highest elevation, the air temperature fluctuated slightly throughout the day, _____ 11:00 a.m. to 16.2 ^oC at 7:00 p.m.

To study the ultrafast movements of atoms, chemist Ahmed Zewail had to devise a novel spectroscopy technique capable of measuring chemical reactions _____ within molecules at a quadrillionth of a second. Ultimately, Zewail succeeded and was eventually honored with the Robert A. Welch Award and the Albert Einstein World Award of Science for this groundbreaking achievement.

When using hairy coneflower for dyeing cloth, textile artists first soak it in water to release its color. Next, they add the cloth to the dye bath and simmer it for hours, perhaps even days. _____ they remove the cloth from the dyebath, revealing that the cloth has turned a vibrant blue color.

Though Middle English was widely spoken in fourteenth-century England, the English language was rarely employed in literature until poet Geoffrey Chaucer pioneered its literary use. _____ his manuscripts contain the first documented uses of over 2,000 English words—like the word "conspiracy" in his 1386 poem "The Monk's Tale"—which led a contemporary to dub him "the first finder of our fair language."

Bill Belew's talent for intricately and expertly detailed costume design was on full display with the Blue Rain jumpsuit, created for musical icon Elvis Presley to wear onstage. ______ the suit's blue rhinestones showcased Belew's careful attention to detail.

• Gianpaolo Bellini is an Italian particle physicist.
  
• Particle physicists study subatomic particles.
  
• Neutrinos are some of the least understood subatomic particles.
  
• Neutrinos were first discovered in the mid-twentieth century.
  
• Bellini is known for his research on solar and geoneutrinos.

• At London and New York Fashion Weeks, fashion designers debut new clothing collections.
  
• Color consultants create trend reports on the popular colors at a given Fashion Week.
  
• A report on 2018 London Fashion Week noted the popularity of an imaginative purple shade that was cool in tone and bright in intensity.
  
• A report on 2019 New York Fashion Week noted the popularity of a deep red shade that was warm in tone and rich in intensity.

Economist Dr. Jensen posits that while the exact impact of climate change on global economies is challenging to predict, he ______ that the shift toward renewable energy sources will become critical. His analysis informs his advocacy for sustainable economic policies.

As the leading pioneer of the polio vaccine, Jonas Salk became one of the most _______ medical researchers in history: his development of the vaccine in the 1950s led to a drastic decline in polio cases worldwide and altered the course of public health.

General Douglas MacArthur was tasked with overseeing the occupation and reconstruction of Japan after its surrender in World War II. Despite MacArthur’s insistence that he was putting into place democratic institutions in Japan following that country’s defeat in World War II, many found the general’s actions to be ironically ______ in nature.

In the depths of the Pacific, marine biologists found a new species of coral despite harsh underwater currents. Research vessel captain, Maria Gómez, reported that although the team observed challenging conditions, the coral's resilience was remarkable. Their discovery, thriving against all odds, ______ a new hope for coral diversity studies.

Humans have a deep-seated tendency to form groups, fostering solidarity within and strife between them, often over trivial provocations. A notable aspect of this clannish behavior lies in the weak bonds within the group versus the strong drive to support their own while opposing rival factions.

Grover Cleveland Alexander, nicknamed "Old Mouse," was a dominant pitcher during the heart of baseball's "Dead Ball" Era (1900-1920). His career, spanning from 1901 to 1926, exemplifies the pitching prowess and the challenges faced by hitters during this period. Alexander's remarkable control and consistency on the mound earned him numerous accolades, including three Triple Crowns and induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

The following text is from the 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. 

Nanny, she used to say, "Yo' mama went a long way." Long way! She looked different.  Her skin wasn't the same color as mine, and her hair, it didn't hang down in long strings like mine.  But there was a wildness in her eyes that I knew I had. Sometimes I used to feel like I was cryin' inside. I had the same longing she had.

The following text is from an essay “In Betweens” written by Diana Abu-Jaber. 

My sisters and I drive through parts of the city that I’ve never seen before, where the lights glow like melted butter, and the girls on the sidewalks are wearing brimmed hats and high heels. Men smile and turn to watch our car passing: I watch back, hands pressed to the window. Then we race beyond the glowing streets—they dwindle to a star—and the road ahead of us is long and dusty blue and smells like a warm, blue must, like the heat of a sheep’s back.

Most grocery stores spray produce with water on a regular basis in order to ensure that they maintain a wholesome, fresh-picked appearance. However, according to Martin Lindstrom, author of Brandwashed: Tricks Companies Use to Manipulate Our Minds and Persuade Us to Buy, not only does this liquid lack any practical purpose, but it has a deleterious effect: ______

From the 1850s to the present, local entrepreneurs operating photo studios have employed painters to enhance portrait photographs of their clients with drama and desirable accouterments that were absent in the original photographs. The theatricality of Indian studio photographs and the fantasies they fulfill have, in turn, influenced the idealized ways celebrities are represented in hand-painted cinema advertisements. Like their counterparts in the world of studio photography, banner artists also painted directly onto photographs in the process of creating studies for their spectacular enlargements.

While doing research for a paper about book sales, a student finds a table with information about four different genres. The student notes that the genre that sold 2.50 million books in 2020 had sold ______

The following text is adapted from a description of the current appearance and geological history of a particular volcano. Written by American naturalist John Muir in 1894, the “The Mountains of California” reflects the idea that the devastating forces of nature are not always harmful to the flora and fauna of the mountain: ______

Many assert that soccer players rank as the most famous athletes globally, often pointing to the fact that professional soccer broadcasts reach more countries than any other sport. However, this assumption is flawed: a name recognition survey reveals that Josef Martínez, the star of Major League Soccer's Atlanta United, is less well-known compared to the top athletes from 20 different professional basketball teams.

Chicago’s Auditorium is truly a masterpiece. With its glowing, golden ambiance, soaring arches, and super-stage from which whispers can be heard in the far reaches of the theater, it became a legend in its own time. One of the great nineteenth-century works of Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler, and an anchor point of modern architectural history, it has been an acknowledged model of acoustical and aesthetic excellence. Interestingly, the Auditorium is a difficult theater in which to install microphones today, and many modern performers, untrained in balance and projection and reliant on technical sound mixing, find it challenging to function in a near-perfect house. This suggests that ______

City officials in Chicago, United States, claim that increasing the number of police patrols in high-crime areas will significantly reduce the overall crime rate in the city. Critics argue that criminals will simply move their activities to other areas with less police presence. However, a recent study shows that the average crime rate in high-police-presence areas of Chicago has dropped by 20% over the past year, while the crime rate in other areas of the city has remained relatively stable. Thus ______

In orthodontic braces and stents, Nitinol, a nickel-titanium alloy, reverts to its original shape when heated, applying gentle pressure for corrective purposes. When heated, it returns to its pre-formed shape, which helps in treatment, ______ consistent pressure to align teeth or support blood vessels.

The United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and the United Kingdom founded the Global Tech Alliance in 2005 to promote technological innovation and collaboration in the digital sector. By the end of the 2010s, the organization ______ beyond its initial membership.

In the daylight hours, sunflower plants exhibit phototropism—their faces constantly turning towards the sun—which ensures optimal light exposure. The ______ maximize their light intake, enhancing the plants' growth and energy.

During a town hall meeting, a group of residents voiced their concerns about local environmental issues. In 2012, they formed Green Future Initiative, a ______ aims to promote sustainable practices and environmental education throughout the community.

The microscopic phytoplankton (algae) carries out photosynthesis, forming the base of the marine food web. By grazing on phytoplankton, ______ This process is crucial for maintaining the ocean's ecosystem and the balance of marine life.

Research suggests a correlation between income and happiness up to a certain point. Beyond that threshold, factors such as social relationships and health ______ a larger role in determining overall well-being. This indicates that while financial stability is important, it is not the sole contributor to long-term happiness and life satisfaction.

Nikola Tesla was a pioneering inventor and electrical engineer who made significant contributions to the development of alternating current (AC) electrical systems. Tesla's most notable achievement was his successful demonstration of the AC motor and transformer at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. ______ he became a central figure in the "War of Currents," challenging the dominance of direct current (DC) systems and paving the way for the widespread adoption of AC power. His innovations have had a lasting impact on the field of electrical engineering, continuing to influence modern technology and infrastructure development.

Radical scavengers are molecules that can neutralize free radicals by reacting with them to form stable, non-reactive molecules. Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons, which can cause damage to cells, proteins, and DNA by initiating chain reactions. Radical scavengers help to prevent this damage by interrupting the chain reactions, ______ making them important in various fields such as biology, chemistry, and materials science.

Ernst Haeckel (1866) suggested that the materials organisms pass to their offspring during conception, which are crucial for their development and cause the "like-from-like" phenomenon, must be in the nucleus of germ cells. ______ Oscar Hertwig (1878) studied sea urchin reproduction and concluded that during fertilization, the nuclei from both the male and female parents fuse.

For centuries, astronomers have been fascinated by the mysterious nature of black holes, the enigmatic regions of space where gravity is so intense that not even light can escape. The puzzle of how these cosmic phenomena, which can be millions of times more massive than our sun, form and evolve continues to challenge scientists. ______ the exact mechanisms by which black holes emit powerful jets of radiation and particles is another issue that has perplexed researchers.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian artist and inventor.
• The Mona Lisa, one of da Vinci’s most famous paintings, was completed in the early 16th century.
• The Starry Night is a painting by Vincent van Gogh, completed in 1889.
• Both paintings depict unique uses of light and shadow.
• Da Vinci’s work is known for its detailed realism.
• Van Gogh’s style is characterized by bold colors and dramatic, expressive brushstrokes. 

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The koala is a marsupial native to Australia.
• Koalas primarily eat eucalyptus leaves.
• Koalas spend up to 18 hours a day sleeping.
• They have a specialized digestive system to detoxify the chemicals in eucalyptus leaves.
• Koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that continue developing in the mother’s pouch.
• Koalas face threats from habitat destruction and disease.

The following text is adapted from George Washington's 1796 speech "Talk to the Cherokee Nation." 

Beloved Cherokees, many years have passed since the arrival of White people in America. Over this time, many have pondered how to improve the lives of the Indian natives, with countless efforts made, yet nearly all have proven fruitless. I, too, have deeply reflected on this matter, hoping that both Indian tribes and their White neighbors might equally partake in the comforts and happiness of life. I have found only one path that leads to this outcome, and in this path, I wish all the Indian Nations to walk.

Some robots such as KT-X (developed in 2008) and Robonaut 2 (developed in 2010) are designed to resemble humans so that people will find it easier to interact with them. To that end, certain features such as the ability to respond to voice commands can help to _____ people’s concerns, but a robot that looks too human can fall into the “uncanny valley,” meaning that its appearance unintentionally unsettles those who encounter it.

Founded in Denver in 1991, the Museo de Las Americas is dedicated to art from Latin America, including the art of Indigenous peoples. Since its founding, it has acquired more than 4,800 objects for its permanent collection. More recently founded US-based institutions devoted to Latino cultures include the Latino Cultural Center. Located in Dallas, it focuses on Latino cultures and art in the United States.

"The Yellow Wallpaper" is an 1892 short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, the narrator expresses mixed feelings about her surroundings: _____.

It may seem that the optimal strategy for an animal pursuing prey or escaping predators is to move at maximal speed, but the energy expense of exploiting full-speed capacity can disfavor such a strategy even in escape contexts, as evidenced by the fact that _____.

The editors of Home Ground: A Guide to the American Landscape turned to the ____ to craft the entry about 'lek,' a term referring to a place where animals display courtship behaviors.

Featured in The New Woman Behind the Camera (2021) is a photograph taken in 1934 by Liselotte _____ “Hebrew Watermelon,” Grschebina’s image contributes to the exhibition’s goal of showcasing the diverse, innovative, often aesthetically daring work of female photographers from the 1920s through the 1950s.

In her 1983 book The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length her conception of a 'sociology of emotions'—the idea that the various cultural and ideological frameworks a person has internalized (class, gender, political affiliation, etc.) _____ each emotional reaction that person has within a situation."

The world’s first airplane, the 1903 Wright Flyer, was not very aerodynamic, as evidenced by its low lift-to-drag ratio of just 8.3:1. The T-41 Mescalero jet, like most modern aircraft, is far more aerodynamic. _____ its lift-to-drag ratio is more than twice that of the Wright Flyer.

Modernista architects championed nature in their designs. _____ the dramatic archways and rose-adorned ceiling of Casa Vicens, a Modernista private home designed by Antoni Gaudí, couldn’t exactly grow in a forest. Still, one sees natural influences in Gaudí’s penchant for curves (rather than right angles) and plant—and animal—inspired flourishes.

The cimbalom is an instrument with great cultural significance to Hungary. _____ the string instrument has played such a prominent role in the country’s musical history that many have referred to it as the national instrument of Hungary.

Legislators in Canada are elected via a first-past-the-post electoral system. In this winner-take-all voting system, the seat is awarded to the candidate who receives not a majority but a plurality (i.e., greatest number) of votes. _____ if several popular candidates are vying for the same seat, it is possible for a candidate to win an election despite receiving less than 50% of the votes.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Chapantongo is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.
• Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing many public services to their residents.
• One service they provide is traffic control.
• Chapantongo’s population was 12,967 in 2020.
• Its population was 12,271 in 2010.
• Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities.

• Vexillology is the study of flags.
• The flags of many countries include symbols like animals, plants, or landforms.
• These symbols often represent an aspect of the region’s history, culture, or landscape.
• The flag of Albania includes an eagle.
• The flag of San Marino includes the mountain of Monte Titano.

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For a linear relationship between x and y, the table shows 4 values of x and their corresponding values of y.

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

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Student-produced response directions

• If you find more than one correct answer, enter only one answer.
• You can enter up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer.
• If your answer is a fraction that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that doesn't fit in the provided space, enter it by truncating or rounding at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½), enter it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
• Don't enter symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign.