📐 SAT Practice Test #49 복습 드릴

Modern baby carriage designs prioritize more than mere transportation for infants; they encompass advancements in safety, comfort, and convenience. These designs provide both security and ease for parents. ______ also play a vital role, allowing parents to showcase their personal style. Experts like Janet Williams emphasize the importance of balancing style with functionality while keeping safety at the forefront of design.

During the Pleistocene epoch, approximately 2.6 million years ago, glyptodons, characterized by their distinctive osteoderm-based armor, thrived as notable members of the Xenarthra group, which today encompasses armadillos, anteaters, and sloths. Renowned paleontologist Dr. Richard A. Fariña's research has illuminated their surprisingly social behaviors, ______ the conventional depiction of glyptodons as isolated and sluggish beings.

Art forgery seeks to mislead connoisseurs and experts by replicating authentic artworks. Forgers meticulously emulate the original's style, materials, and patina, utilizing ______ techniques like thin-layer chromatography and X-ray fluorescence to match pigments precisely. They further employ substances such as varnishes and acids to simulate natural aging, necessitating a profound understanding of material responses to environmental variables.

Leadership styles, central to molding organizational culture and driving performance, profoundly influence employee motivation and engagement. Renowned expert Dr. John Kotter, Professor Emeritus at Harvard Business School, emphasizes the significance of emotional intelligence in amplifying leaders' connective capacities. Particularly, transformational leadership stands out, emphasizing a captivating vision and intrinsic motivation by ______ innovation and nurturing personal and professional growth among team members.

Languages do not expand solely through domination; they also flourish by providing refuge to individuals like those who sought safety from the perils of their homeland.

This text is adapted from Charlotte Bronte’s novel, Villette. In this story, the narrator and her host, Mrs. Bretton, are hosting a young girl, Paulina, who is staying with them. 

Like a bird, [Paulina] was gone from the room. I—watching calmly from the window—saw her, in her black dress and tiny braided apron, dart half the length of the street; and, as I was on the point of turning, I saw her caught up, and rapt at once from my cool observation, and from the wondering stare of the passengers. A gentleman had done this good turn, and now, covering her with his cloak, advanced to restore her to the house whence he had seen her issue.

Sweat lodge ceremonies, pivotal in the spiritual and healing traditions of several Native American tribes, facilitate physical and spiritual purification. These integral rites entail congregating in a dome-shaped structure, where participants, enveloped in darkness and steeped in heat generated by water-doused heated stones, engage in a purifying process through intensive sweating. This process, guided by seasoned spiritual leaders, promotes a deeper spiritual connection, invoking a sense of community and respect for nature's interconnected realm. Moreover, the ceremonies are potent rites of passage and other significant life markers. 

The following text is from William Wordsworth’s poem “A Character.” The word “indifference” means to be uncaring.

I marvel how Nature could ever find space
For so many strange contrasts in one human face:
There's thought and no thought, and there's paleness and bloom
And bustle and sluggishness, pleasure and gloom.
. . .
There's indifference, alike when he fails or succeeds,
And attention full ten times as much as there needs;
Pride where there's no envy, there's so much of joy;
And mildness, and spirit both forward and coy.

In the 1970s, the "Green Revolution" introduced new crop strains of rice, wheat, and maize, significantly boosting global cereal production and averting anticipated famine. Life expectancy rose, and the use of safe contraception spurred a decline in fertility rates in many countries. Despite a drop in the global population growth rate, the absolute annual increase continued, fostering ongoing concerns about overpopulation. In 1970, the father of the Green Revolution, agricultural scientist Norman Borlaug, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In his Nobel lecture, Borlaug warned that the success of the Green Revolution would buy a breathing space for humankind of three decades, unless action was taken to reduce fertility rates.

This text is adapted from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, originally published in 1892. In the narrative, Sherlock Holmes astonished his client through his remarkable deductive ability, later unveiling the process behind his insightful conclusions. After hearing Holmes explain his observations, the client has a less romantic notion of Holmes’s abilities.

A recent study conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency illuminated the distinct lifespan of plastic products across various industries. Leveraging industry reports and stakeholder inputs, the research discerned an average plastic product lifespan of ten years, with substantial variations based on the specific application. Remarkably, the study pinpointed that plastic packaging has a relatively low usage lifespan compared to that of plastics utilized in other industries. For example, ______

In the wild, hyenas resort to eating prey alive because their shorter, incisive teeth are ill-suited for delivering killing bites. While grappling with this anatomical limitation, biting fiercely into a prey's abdomen or legs, they ______ a slow death through severe bleeding, securing their meal albeit in a gruesome manner.​​​​​​​

Silicon nanowires, leveraging their unique properties like high lithium capacity and nanostructure, ______ a revolutionary material in enhancing lithium-ion batteries, a development promising higher energy storage and rapid charging. In energy storage, they facilitate longer battery cycle life and even allow for flexible batteries, an innovation opening avenues in wearable electronics. 

At the intersection of kinetic art and modern technology stands a remarkable work by artist Chris ______ an installation featuring more than a thousand custom-made, hand-painted miniature cars racing along a network of roads and tracks.

"City on Fire" (1987), directed by Ringo Lam, explores the intricacies of social divide and moral ambiguity through its protagonist, Ko Chow, an undercover cop torn between duty and personal ethics. This Hong Kong noir film offers a vivid glimpse of the bustling city through dark, moody ______ while portraying the agonizing dilemmas faced by individuals in the face of urbanization, the film captures the essence of a city grappling with rapid change and societal pressure.​​​​​​​

In their groundbreaking paper Epigenetic Inheritance and Its Role in Evolution, ______ illustrated the profound impact of maternal diet on the health outcomes of offspring. By altering the maternal diet with methyl donors like folic acid, they induced epigenetic modifications in agouti mice, resulting in changes in coat color and reduced susceptibility to obesity and diabetes in the offspring.​​​​​​

In Brazilian forests, Dr. Mauro Galetti's research on Didelphis auritas (Earless Opossums) ______ a noteworthy illustration. His work centers on the consumption and subsequent dispersal of seeds derived from the palm species Euterpe edulis. Dr. Galetti's findings underscore the significant contribution of these opossums in disseminating palm seeds.​​​​​​

The impact of climate change on our planet is undeniable. Rising global temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, and shrinking ice sheets are all signs of its effects. The scientific consensus on this matter, ______ is overwhelmingly clear.

The Hawaiian language revitalization showcases a triumphant reversal from being critically endangered to witnessing a resurgence with a new generation of fluent speakers. Hawaiian immersion schools, formed during the 1980s, played an instrumental role in this process. ______ state-backed policies, community engagement in cultural activities, and the embrace of modern media and technology have bolstered language learning and everyday usage.​​​​​​​

Renowned artists Marcel Duchamp and Jackson Pollock represent contrasting paradigms in artistic creativity. Duchamp's 'Fountain,' a transformed urinal, signifies his dedication to conceptual art and aesthetic deconstruction. ______ Jackson Pollock's 'Number 1A, 1948' embodies an expressionistic approach characterized by spontaneous, intense action painting. These distinct artistic approaches reveal the expansive realm of possibilities within artistic creation, showcasing the multifaceted nature of the art world.

In May 2017, the "WannaCry" ransomware attack exploited a Microsoft Windows vulnerability, affecting over 200,000 computers in 150 countries. This massive cyber-attack, leveraging a flaw first uncovered by the NSA, demonstrated the destructive potential of technological advancements. ______ the NSA's initial discovery of the flaw was quiet and unnoticed, a stark juxtaposition to the loud and widespread chaos that would later unfold when the vulnerability became a tool for cybercriminals.​​​​​​​

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Most major industries, including the medical industry, have computerized their records.
• Many medical facilities keep electronic health records of their patients.
• The cost of creating electronic health records is substantial
• Creating these records can be a time-consuming process.
• Having electronic records has been shown to lead to faster access to a patient’s information.
• Ultimately, maintaining electronic records helps medical facilities keep their costs down.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The counterfeiting of paper currency represents a threat to any society that uses such currency.
• In the United States, counterfeiting is a federal crime.
• Methods of counterfeiting include the offset press method, intaglio printing, and typographic reproduction.
• U.S. money is protected by the quality of paper and the colored fibers that can be plucked from the bill.
• Other countries have similar safety checks.
• The U.S. and foreign countries work together to seize counterfeit bills.

Nuclear physicist Alvin Weinberg introduced the ______ Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) concept. MSRs differ from standard reactors by utilizing liquid fuel comprised of fissile material in fluoride or chloride salt. With their high operating temperatures, they promise increased safety, greater efficiency, and reduced waste.

Anton Chekhov, a master of Russian literature, was known for his detailed characterization and realistic settings. Although a few characters in Chekhov's plays speak in regional ______, most use standard Russian. This choice allows for a broader audience to connect with the nuances and emotions of his stories, ensuring their timeless appeal.

Dr. Richard Evans had always been meticulous about his research. After thoroughly reviewing his data, the researcher was dismayed to find that his preliminary conclusions were ______, as they were based on faulty information. Such a revelation was both surprising and disappointing for Dr. Evans, highlighting the continual need for vigilance in the scientific process.

In 1990, Ecuador witnessed a pivotal indigenous uprising led by the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE). Representing diverse indigenous groups, CONAIE ______ to address long-standing issues like land rights and to advocate for cultural preservation. Their massive protest in the capital city of Quito pressured the government to acknowledge their demands; this eventually led to the integration of indigenous rights into the 1998 constitution.

On October 15, 2013, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake devastated Bohol, Philippines, causing extensive damage and displacement. Although the country had seismic preparedness measures, enforcement inconsistencies were evident. Post-disaster, the Philippines swiftly mobilized rescue and medical aid, collaborating with international agencies. The catastrophe underscored the importance of ______ building code enforcement, enhanced infrastructure, and effective response coordination.​​​​​​​

Michelle Kwan is celebrated in the world of figure skating for her prowess and stylistic evolution. Although she displayed ______ style of competition during her early career, as she matured, she projected a more moderate and equable attitude. Such a transformation in her approach, coupled with her exceptional talent, is a crucial element in her now-legendary status.

During interviews, film director Quentin Tarantino often has a unique way of expressing himself. He always spoke with a conspiratorial tone that invested even the most ______ conversations with a faint air of illicitness. Many wondered if this was a directorial technique or just a part of his intriguing personality.

The following text is from Rabindranath Tagore’s 1916 novel The Home and the World. 

Bimala stood alone in her room, with the lamp extinguished and the doors bolted. I could see her as a mere speck of darkness against the pale glow of the sky. Ah, that pallor! It was as if, in the dimness of the room, I had caught a glimpse of a white water-lily in the dark, a water-lily rising out of the mud, opening its petals to the night—the pallor of a severed head, left behind to haunt us.

The excerpt below is taken from Slaughterhouse-Five, a 1969 novel by Kurt Vonnegut. In it, the main character, Billy Pilgrim, undergoes a non-traditional progression of time, characterized by time-travel experiences.

Billy looked at the clock on the gas stove. He had an hour to kill before the saucer came. He went into the living room, swinging the bottle like a dinner bell, turned on the television. He came slightly unstuck in time, saw the late movie backwards, then forwards again. It was a movie about American bombers in the Second World War and the gallant men who flew them.

John Milton's 1667 epic poem Paradise Lost tells the story of Satan's rebellion against God and his subsequent fall from heaven. Despite this fall, Milton suggests that Satan has not lost all of his former glory. The poem compares him to the sun rising through a heavy mist, or to the sun when it appears dim during an eclipse. Both images suggest brightness that remains, even though it has been partially hidden.

A historian was studying a detailed, extensive scroll initially presented in a temple without any explanatory notes. Later, it was displayed in a national museum with a large set of notes provided by the creator of the scroll. The historian theorizes that the addition of these notes for the museum exhibition was primarily a marketing tactic to boost visitor interaction.

In the "indigenous immersion" educational model, Native Hawaiian children are taught the Hawaiian language and cultural practices by making them the primary mode of instruction and socialization in early and elementary education. In a 2021 study conducted in a Native Hawaiian community, researchers Kekoa Wong and Leilani Santos (both of Hawaiian ancestry) discovered that this method not only promoted fluency in the Hawaiian language but also heightened students' pride in Hawaiian culture. Given these positive effects, Wong and Santos suggest that the model increases the chance that, as adults, the former students will pass on the language to younger generations in their community.

Nutritionists Emily Harris and John Lee performed a study on the impact of fruit and vegetable consumption on health scores. They found that the more servings of fruits and vegetables individuals consume, especially when combined with an active lifestyle, the higher their health scores are.

The Forgotten Stage is a 1989 play by Benjamin Knight. Set in a crumbling theater, the play explores themes of nostalgia, passion, and the fleeting nature of art. In a poignant exchange, the aging protagonist, Lawrence, confronts a fellow actor, lamenting, ______

The following text is from Fyodor Dostoevsky's 1866 novel Crime and Punishment. The protagonist, Raskolnikov, is a poor student living in St. Petersburg who commits a horrifying crime. 

I did not bow down to you, I bowed down to all the suffering of humanity. He felt that he had reached the end of his tether, that it was not possible to endure this torture, that he had to get out of this room, out of this house, to throw off all this oppression, all this entanglement, all this horror, and at once, this minute, and to run away, no matter where, no matter what the consequences.

Dr. Michele Lamont studies how culture is changing in the digital age. She looks at how people use Instagram and TikTok to share and talk about cultural heritage. Her wider research digs into how ______ change the way we see and practice our values and norms today.

The Pokémon culture revolves around the capturing and training ______ a variety of fictional creatures called "Pokémon" and using them to battle. It began with video games and expanded into a multi-platform franchise comprising a trading card game, a television show, movies, comic books, and toys.

Recent archaeology digs have uncovered time capsules from centuries ago, giving us a peek into how people lived back then. It's like a detective story, where every find, be it a coin, tool, or piece of pottery, helps unravel the mysteries of ancient societies. This field keeps history alive, ______ us to those who were here long before us.

Discovered in Germany in 1861, the Archaeopteryx lithographica is like a mix of a bird and a dinosaur. This creature had features of feathers not quite ready for real flight and a blend of skeletal traits, showing it could be a key link between dinosaurs and birds. This ______ it a star in paleontology, although experts still debate its exact role in the evolutionary story.

The Rubik’s Cube is a 3D puzzle invented by Ernő Rubik in 1974. It is known for its colorful rotating faces, each divided into nine smaller squares. The goal is to twist and turn the cube until each face shows only one color, a task known for ______ complexity and intellectual challenge.

William Shakespeare crafted plays that withstand the test of time. The playwright's understanding of human nature penetrates deep into the psyche, utilizing narratives rich with ______ His complex characters and iconic phrases have become integral to world literature.

In 2006, the International Astronomical Union ______ Pluto from a planet to a "dwarf planet." This decision was based on new rules about what makes a planet, and it noted that Pluto didn't clear other objects out of its path in its orbit around the sun. This change in status sparked widespread debate and even led to public protests.

In soccer, strategy is vital to secure victories. Coaches analyze the opponents’ strengths and weaknesses ______ detailed game plans. Players must think quickly and adapt to maintain a competitive edge. The right strategies elevate a team, providing defensive strength and creating scoring opportunities.

Culinary schools provide structured training in cooking techniques, kitchen management, and food safety. They also give aspiring chefs opportunities to practice in professional settings and experiment with new approaches to cuisine. _____ these institutions have become important training centers for the restaurant industry.

Many critical studies of Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho focus on the film’s narrative structure and its influence on the horror genre. _____ a study by media psychologist Dolf Zillmann takes a different approach, examining how Hitchcock’s use of sound, framing, and suspense shapes viewers’ emotional and cognitive responses.

The saber-toothed cat, also known as Smilodon, was a huge prehistoric predator that sometimes weighed as much as 970 pounds. ______ it was at the top of the food chain, hunting big herbivores like mammoths and bison. This shows a different kind of animal world from the one we know today.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci were the two most prominent artists of the 1500s in Europe.
• Da Vinci, who was twenty years older than Michelangelo, saw himself primarily as a painter.
• Da Vinci sometimes would abandon his canvases and move on to another painting without finishing the first.
• Michelangelo had diverse artistic and scientific interests, but as artist, he was mostly interested in creating stone sculptures.
• Despite this interest, Michelangelo had a great success with his painting of the ceiling of Rome’s Sistine Chapel.
  
• Michelangelo often indulged in non finito, intentionally leaving a sculpture incomplete.

Gertrude B. Elion revolutionized drug development with her groundbreaking approach to rational drug design. She developed purine analogs like 6-mercaptopurine, marking a novel strategy in childhood leukemia treatment. She was instrumental in ______ the antiviral acyclovir for herpes, azathioprine for transplant patients, and allopurinol for gout management. Earning a Nobel Prize in 1988, Elion was responsible for a range of innovations that transformed modern medicine, benefiting patients worldwide.

In the early 1930s, Ansel Adams co-founded the influential photography group "Group f/64" alongside renowned photographers like Edward Weston and Imogen Cunningham. Named after the small aperture setting that ______ a sharp depth of field, the group championed precise technique and unaltered images. Their endeavors elevated photography to fine art, equating it with other major visual art forms.

Dr. Mendez, who studies purported cases of extrasensory perception and telekinesis, asserts that those who claim to possess supernatural abilities often attribute their skills to metals. These individuals suggest they derive their power from a particular metal, prompting scholarly discourse about the potential nexus between this metallic element and psychic abilities.

The following text is from William Wordsworth’s “Prelude,” which he began in 1798. He refers to a “conductor” and a “shepherd,” terms that refer to a guide for his climb. A “lurcher” is a kind of dog.

It was a close, warm, breezeless summer night,
Wan, dull, and glaring, with a dripping fog
Low-hung and thick that covered all the sky;
But, undiscouraged, we began to climb
The mountain-side. The mist soon girt us round,
And, after ordinary travellers' talk
With our conductor, pensively we sank
Each into commerce with his private thoughts:
Thus did we breast the ascent, and by myself
Was nothing either seen or heard that checked
Those musings or diverted, save that once
The shepherd's lurcher, who, among the crags,
Had to his joy unearthed a hedgehog, teased
His coiled-up prey with barkings turbulent.

In May 1997, the world witnessed the historic defeat of chess grandmaster Gary Kasparov by IBM's software program Deep Blue. This event, while anticipated by those attuned to the rapid advancements in computer technology, marked a significant moment emblematic of the burgeoning dominance of machines in spheres traditionally reserved for human expertise. Kasparov, who was like a painter crafting masterpieces with calculated strokes of brilliance, experienced a tragic loss that resonated profoundly with many. This landmark event served as a testament to technological progression and a somber reflection on the fading realm of human mastery in the face of artificial intelligence.

Seed germination is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, fundamentally anchored to optimal water uptake. Mehmet Demir Kaya of the University of Ankara, Turkey, spearheaded a study investigating the efficacy of hydropriming—a method in which seeds are immersed in water for a predetermined period to enhance germination efficiency—in promoting water uptake, a pivotal process for sunflower seed germination, particularly in saline soils. Preliminary data suggest that hydropriming facilitates superior water uptake compared to other methods, including the treatments with potassium nitrate (KNO₃).

In the volatile landscape of the computer industry, individuals frequently transition between different companies, seldom maintaining a long-term position. Contrary to this trend, Google has cultivated a reputation for its high employee retention rate. The tech giant attributes this success to its informal and nonhierarchical work culture.

A transitional fossil displays a mix of features associated with two major groups, helping scientists reconstruct the sequence of anatomical changes involved in the evolution of one group from another. Tiktaalik, which combines fishlike traits with features associated with early tetrapods, is often used to illustrate the fish-to-tetrapod transition. Such examples are sometimes described informally as “missing links,” but paleontologists generally avoid treating any single fossil as the actual ancestral form. The fossil record preserves only a small fraction of organisms that once lived, and establishing direct ancestry would require evidence of anatomical intermediacy and of the fossil’s position in the relevant lineage. Tiktaalik complicates such a claim further because it appears in the fossil record somewhat later than the earliest known tetrapod tracks. The evidence therefore suggests that Tiktaalik _____

Twitter is central to Dr. Zizi Papacharissi's research into the changing nature of political discourse during significant events such as elections and social movements. Her ______ and misinformation propagation underscore the platform's evolving role in shaping modern political landscapes and encouraging civic engagement.

A report by Oxfam, a global non-profit organization that works to alleviate poverty and inequality, states that the collective wealth of the 26 wealthiest individuals equals that of the poorest 50% of the global population. ______ in their book "The Inner Level" that although economic growth can foster happiness, it has its limits.

Despite West Virginia's permissive concealed-carry laws, the Fourth Circuit court ruled the frisk of Robinson was legally ______ examined Supreme Court precedents, they held that the officers had a reasonable suspicion that Robinson was armed during his lawful stop, which justified the frisk.

In recent studies exploring participation strategies and their impacts on Information Systems (IS) user attitudes and behavior, a significant finding emerged: genuine solicitation for participation can notably enhance performance. Objective performance measures witnessed an approximately 24% increase under confirmed participation expectations. While insincere participation solicitations could diminish performance by about 37%, ______ reveal themselves to be critically beneficial.

Dr. Michele Lamont centers her research on the pivotal role social media platforms, such as Instagram and TikTok, play in facilitating the illumination of cultural heritage. In the landscape of digital technology, the multifaceted transformation of cultural norms, constantly undergoing reevaluation; values, influenced significantly by online ______ and reshaped through virtual interactions—a phenomenon underscored in contemporary society—emerges as a significant focal point in her scholarly endeavors.

The establishment of the Electoral College represented a defining milestone in U.S. history, orchestrating a distinctive method for selecting the president and vice president. ______ this system was devised with the foresight to grant a platform where even states with smaller populations could have a substantial say in the electoral procedure, aiming to balance the scales between populous and less populated regions.

Contrary to popular belief, the Earth and the Moon do not simply revolve around one another; instead, they both orbit a common center of mass located thousands of kilometers from the Earth's core. _________ the Sun moves in a complex path around the solar system's collective barycenter, a gravitational pivot point located just beyond the solar surface.

A recent psychological study investigated the roles of "identity achievement" and "identity diffusion" in academic outcomes, showcasing a positive relationship between identity achievement and fortified ego strengths such as "will" and "purpose." ______ this concept was mainly confined to validation studies spearheaded by Markstrom and others, which supported ego strengths theories. This new research not only corroborates those earlier findings but ventures further, demonstrating how advanced identity processes, grounded in ego virtues, can positively influence academic success

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The fastest plate-tectonic velocity on Earth is occurring at the Tonga Trench in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
• At the trench, the Pacific Plate is being subducted westward.
• The deepest point of the Tonga Trench is the Horizon Deep, which is about 33,000 feet deep.
• The name comes from the research vessel Horizon, whose crew found the deep in December of 1952.
• The only deeper trench is the Marianas Trench, located in the western Pacific.
• Most of the large earthquakes at the Tonga Trench occur at the contact zone between plates, though others are produced due to the bending of the Pacific Plate.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A group of high school students conducted a study in which they sampled water from a stream near their school.
• The stream was about ten miles from a factory farm.
• The students analyzed the stream water.
• Elements of waste from the farm were found in the stream water.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Phillip Roth, the American novelist who died in 2018, often set his works in his actual birthplace of Newark, New Jersey.
• Roth’s novel The Plot Against America involves an alternate history to actual events and is narrated by a fictionalized version of himself with the same name.
• Roth won many awards, including the National Book Award for Sabbath’s Theater, and the Pulitzer Prize for American Pastoral.
• Two characters with the name Phillip Roth appear in his book Operation Shylock,