📐 Claremont Practice Test #74 복습 드릴

Because the mayor’s emergency powers override normal contracts, allocating scarce water must be handled with ___ care; any misstep could trigger lawsuits and erode public trust for years to come.

Anthropologists studying Maasai livestock exchange note that cattle given as bride-wealth create a decentralized web of reciprocal debt—long-term, two-way obligations in which families that receive animals today are expected to return cattle or aid tomorrow—and these transactions, far from mere tradition, serve as a resilient financial ______ during drought-driven market shocks.

The following text is adapted from Charles Darwin’s 1839 travel memoir The Voyage of the Beagle.

Beyond the ragged shoreline rose a band of salt-bleached shrubs, their pale leaves rustling in the wind; at first glance, the barren flatland seemed lifeless, yet a sudden burst of crimson blossoms unexpectedly bolstered the scene’s austere beauty, brightening the desolate coast.

If borne out by field trials, a newly engineered drought-resistant wheat strain could ____ long-standing projections of global food scarcity, because its yields remain high even under prolonged water stress.

Many researchers remain skeptical of UFO sightings, often dismissing them for lacking credible evidence. While some individuals believe extraterrestrials have visited Earth, most scientists, including those in the SETI community, do not consider UFO claims scientifically valid or worthy of serious investigation.

Text 1
Cultural historian David Lin contends that the bold, asymmetrical choreography of modern dancer Isadora Duncan grew chiefly out of her childhood afternoons watching Pacific tides. According to Lin, the constant swell and retreat of waves convinced Duncan that movement should trace organic, unpredictable patterns; though she later admired classical sculpture, her rejection of rigid ballet positions, he says, merely extended that early faith in nature’s rhythms.

Text 2
Dance scholar Marisol Vega credits Duncan’s months in Hellenic museums for shaping her style. Vega argues that the flowing robes and balanced poses of classical sculptures offered Duncan a concrete aesthetic model, persuading her that disciplined grace, not spontaneity, should guide modern dance.

Mobile-money agents—local shopkeepers acting as branches for services like M-Pesa—turn cash into credits and vice versa. A customer hands an agent shillings; the agent debits her float via a USSD code, credits the customer’s electronic wallet, and keeps a small commission per deposit or withdrawal. Agents’ profits depend on high turnover and on holding enough cash and e-money to satisfy redemption requests. When drought strikes, agents raise fees not to exploit scarcity but to insure against the greater chance of default. Paradoxically, higher fees coincide with a surge in transfers, indicating that users value transactional certainty over cost during climatic shocks.

The following text is from Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice. In this scene, the pompous clergyman Mr. Collins formally proposes marriage to Elizabeth Bennet. 

Mr. Collins made his declaration in form; having resolved to choose a wife among his cousins, he fixed on Elizabeth as soon as he entered the house. He enumerated the advantages of the match—his patronage from Lady Catherine, his desire to set an example of matrimony to his parishioners, and above all the hope of reconciling the entail. Elizabeth, seated opposite, could hardly restrain a smile at his solemn self-approval; but when he paused, expecting encouragement, she rose and begged him to consider that she had long determined on staying single.

A timpani roll can sustain orchestral tension without increasing loudness. Because the drumheads produce many overtones, their sound “fills” silence in a listener’s ear even at moderate volume. Composers like Debussy exploit this effect: instead of adding brass for volume, they call for a soft timpani tremolo beneath the strings. The ear registers a surge of energy, yet the decibel level hardly changes.

In Emily Brontë’s 1847 novel Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff is driven by an all-consuming desire for revenge that eclipses any softer feeling. This merciless determination shows most plainly when he declares, _____

Many long-distance migrants are tiny birds, whereas bulky waterfowl often travel far less. Ornithologists measured the average adult body mass and typical one-way migration distance for several northern-hemisphere species and also noted each bird’s wingspan, a trait sometimes—but not always—linked to flight range. Their summary is presented in the table above. The researchers conclude that, on average, heavier birds undertake shorter annual migrations than lighter birds, a pattern evident in the data for ______

Jazz theorist Harriet Kwan sampled 60 post-bop saxophone solos and noticed an intriguing pattern: pieces with a fast harmonic rhythm, which is defined as chords changing every one or two beats, seemed to feature less polyrhythm—simultaneous conflicting beat patterns. She proposes that the quicker the chords turn over, the less rhythmic layering a soloist employs, because harmonic motion already supplies forward tension. To test this hunch, Kwan grouped the solos by chord-change speed and compared their average counts of off-beat accents.

At a recent music festival, a jazz ensemble introduced a revolutionary fusion performance, blending classic swing rhythms with modern electronic beats. The new sound captivated the younger audience, but older jazz purists, who were familiar with traditional big band arrangements, were unimpressed and found the performance dissonant. While the fusion piece was deemed a breakthrough by many younger listeners, the critique from the older demographic highlighted a key limitation of the fusion style—it fails to preserve the original tonal richness and harmonic depth of traditional jazz. This observation suggests that _____

Scientists studying the effects of urban light pollution on nocturnal animals found that, prior to 2005, no significant patterns of light exposure were recorded in wildlife surveys conducted in the city’s central park. Since then, urban expansion has introduced additional streetlights, particularly around the park’s eastern border. Recent surveys show that animals near the new light sources have changed their behavior, with several species now active well into the hours they were once dormant. However, the wildlife survey reports that areas further from the new streetlights are showing no behavioral changes. From these observations, it can be inferred that _____

After she finally tasted Blue Mountain coffee at last winter’s international caffeine expo, the notoriously exacting beverage blogger posted a dismissive critique. Prior to that, the drink she least appreciated ____ the popular cold-brew trend sweeping cafés worldwide.

A renowned academic institution commonly called the Sorbonne, ____

Used in everything from microprocessors to data centers, transistors are devices that serve to switch electronic signals — a control mechanism that otherwise would not be easily regulated. The transistors used by ______ like the MOSFET, allow these designers to manage voltage in integrated circuits such as CPUs and memory modules.

Two-note chords ____ as dyads in Western harmony, such as those favored by Claude Debussy, typically contain only a root and one additional pitch.

In her Travels in the Amazon, botanist Marianne North described a rumored illustrated manuscript, an eighteenth-century compendium of nearly one thousand rainforest species. For decades, naturalists searched for evidence of this elusive ____ hope finally materialized in 2018, when archivists discovered fragments of the manuscript beneath the lining of an antique chest in a museum.

Pine Ridge Library and Cedar Grove Library are two of several Tennessee ____ extensive archives of Appalachian folk songs—the former houses over 5,000 recordings, while the latter preserves hundreds of handwritten scores for future generations intact.

Hachiko was a faithful Akita dog who waited daily at Tokyo’s Shibuya Station for his deceased owner and is now honored as a symbol of loyalty. A bronze statue erected in 1934 still stands at the station’s entrance, and historians ____ that its enduring popularity illustrates the public’s affection for Hachiko.

While managing the military hospital at Scutari in 1854, Florence Nightingale—then a young nurse deeply concerned about infection—implemented measures to reduce mortality, such as organizing handwashing stations and improving ventilation throughout the wards. ____ she arranged nightly rounds carrying a lamp to monitor patients’ conditions and gather data for reform, actions that ultimately cut the death rate by two-thirds.

With their sleek silhouettes and bright plumage, the birds Scarlet Macaw (Central America) and Red-and-green Macaw (South America) can appear identical to casual observers. Ornithologist Maya Nunes and other researchers, ____ can distinguish by vocal patterns that the Scarlet Macaw is one species, while the Red-and-green Macaw is another.

While researching a topic, a student has compiled the following notes:

• Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries power phones, laptops, and electric vehicles by storing and releasing electrical energy.
• Inside a battery, a liquid or gel called an electrolyte carries charged lithium ions between the electrodes.
• When a battery discharges, lithium ions move through the electrolyte from the anode to the cathode.
• When it recharges, the ions travel back the other way.
• Most electrolytes in today’s lithium-ion cells are solutions of lithium salts dissolved in organic solvents.

While researching a subject, a student has recorded the following notes:

• The coelacanth is an ancient marine fish species.
• It was believed to be extinct until a living coelacanth was discovered off the coast of South Africa in 1938.
• The Wollemi pine is a tree species.
• It was believed to be extinct until a living Wollemi pine was found in Australia in 1994.
• They are considered living fossils.
• “Living fossil” describes an organism once thought extinct that still very closely resembles its ancient ancestors today.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Kazuo Ishiguro is a British novelist renowned for his literary fiction.
• Published in 1989, his novel The Remains of the Day.
• The novel won the Booker Prize in 1989.
• The Booker Prize annually honors the best English-language novel published in the United Kingdom during the previous year.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A catalyst accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed during the process itself.
• Heating a catalyst with light is known as photothermal heating.
• A 2022 study led by Dr. Amina Patel and Marco Rossi investigated the photothermal heating and cooling of graphene and silica nanoparticles.
• They sought to determine whether photothermal cooling might serve as an energy-efficient refrigeration technique.
• When silica nanoparticles were illuminated by a laser, their average surface temperature rose by about 9 °C.
• When graphene nanoparticles were illuminated by the same laser, their average surface temperature rose by about 17 °C.

Late-Pleistocene flint blades exhibit microscopic wear that matches the slicing of reindeer hide, supporting archaeologists’ inference that these tools served a specialized _____ role in seasonal garment production.

During winter upwelling events, nutrient-rich currents sweep into Monterey Bay, seeding massive phytoplankton blooms that, in turn, ____ entire food webs, from krill swarms to migrating humpback whales each season.

Because microloans rarely cover unexpected medical bills, villagers supplement digital wallets with traditional rotating credit groups; this hybrid model can ____ cash-flow crises without forcing families to sell seed stock or pull children from school.

As engineers seek lighter aircraft fuselages, they are experimenting with graphene-reinforced polymers whose internal lattices mimic trabecular bone; preliminary tests show the composite can ____ twice the impact energy tolerated by aluminum alloys of comparable weight.

The following text is from the memoir essay “Southbound” by travel writer Leonora Price.

We coast down the bayou highway at sunset, the cypress knees gold-tipped in the shallows, shrimp boats tilting like tired horses. A pelican slips alongside, its shadow sliding across our windshield. My brother hums an old zydeco tune while I lean out, tasting the salt-sweet breath of marsh grass. Past the last clapboard store the air thickens, and the water, suddenly glassy, collects every shard of orange light until the road seems to float on flame.

Entomologists comparing desert locust swarms found that identical genetic stock can produce solitary or gregarious phases; a surge in serotonin, triggered by crowding, reforms nervous pathways, creating social insects whose collective flight devastates crops hundreds of kilometers away.

Physicists cooling rubidium atoms with intersecting laser beams observed the particles acting as a single wave, a Bose‑Einstein condensate; the laboratory demonstration, once purely theoretical, offers a platform for probing quantum mechanics on a human scale.

The following text is from the 1899 poem “Moonrise” by Paul Laurence Dunbar.

A hush falls soft

upon the meadow grass.

The moon lifts

its pale lantern,

spilling silver onto

every blade—

then drifts behind

a quilt of passing cloud,

content to let the dark

breathe once again.

Maria Goeppert Mayer’s landmark article proposing the nuclear “shell model” transformed twentieth-century physics. By showing that protons and neutrons occupy discrete energy levels, Mayer offered a convincing explanation for the puzzling pattern of “magic numbers” in stable isotopes. Her clear synthesis of quantum mechanics with experimental data reoriented research agendas, prompting new particle-accelerator studies and earning Mayer a share of the 1963 Nobel Prize. Today the shell model still guides investigations of exotic nuclei and informs applications from medical imaging to astrophysics.

The Humboldt Current, long modeled as a steady ribbon of cool water pulled north by prevailing winds, is being re-explained by a recently proposed ocean-circulation model. Oceanographers behind the new model argue that countless fast-moving eddies—not the gradual temperature gradient emphasized by earlier theories—govern nutrient flow along South America’s coast. These swirling pools, they claim, mix surface and deep water in ways that earlier large-scale simulations overlooked.

The following text is from Charles Dickens’s 1861 novel Great Expectations. Pip, a young orphan, recalls the night he met a terrifying stranger in the marshes. He later describes the man’s appearance in vivid detail, _____

When a meerkat sentinel spots a hawk, it gives a short, repeated bark. Pupils quickly dive into burrows, while foraging adults sprint to thorn bushes. Experiments show that if researchers play back the call through a hidden speaker, the group still scatters even when no hawk is present. The call, not the shadow in the sky, triggers the escape.

In Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet insists she will never marry for wealth alone, making this resolve clear when she states, _____

A cache of hand-copied star charts, known as the Celestial Codex, was discovered in a monastery library. Marginal notes date most of the drawings to before 1450, decades ahead of the advent of the telescope. Yet several charts plainly depict the four Galilean moons of Jupiter—objects first observed by Galileo in 1610. Because the moons are illustrated with correct relative orbits, historians doubt the images are simple coincidences or later mislabelings. Therefore, some scholars have concluded that _____

In May 2022, architects from eight nations gathered at the Global Urban Futures Summit to draft a post-pandemic design charter. The charter’s objectives were _____ ensure equitable access to public space, to reduce cities’ carbon footprints, and to integrate climate-resilient materials into all new construction.

To curb the spread of invasive freshwater plants between wetlands, environmental engineer Dr. Lina Perez has proposed installing a controlled floodgate at the mouth of Florida’s St. Johns River. The gate would raise the river’s salinity during tidal surges and _____ an osmotic barrier that most freshwater vegetation could not tolerate.

Public-health experts say anti-litter campaigns are most effective when they let pedestrians choose: in Copenhagen, for instance, gum litter fell by 45 percent after volunteers asked walkers whether _____ would like a portable disposal pouch.

Normally, dog-eared pages, inked comments, and coffee rings left by an earlier reader lower a magazine’s _____ when the reader is a celebrated astronomer like Henrietta Leavitt, such blemishes—called marginalia—can be priceless to historians.

Ions inside a cyclotron speed up along a spiral path until they _____ a target energy level, at which point electric fields redirect them toward a collision chamber.

The traditional board game Serpents and Stairs is a variation of an Indian morality game called Moksha Patam. In both games, players move along a numbered track; landing on a serpent head _____ the player to slide backward toward the start of the path, lengthening the journey to victory for each contestant.

In the 1970s, Japanese engineer Miko Sasaki devised a way to turn leftover rice bran into a biodegradable packing foam. Sasaki also _____ marketing the product overseas under the trade name Rice-Pak.

Sprawling across Australia’s northeast coast, the Great Barrier Reef is so vast it can be truly appreciated only from the air. Marine biologists have monitored the reef since the 1950s, when researchers first mapped sections from small aircraft, and they have surveyed its health continuously ever since. _____ scientists’ assessments are enhanced by satellites that transmit detailed spectral images of the coral.

The Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility is prized for its extensive moon-rock collection. _____ the repository safeguards over 20,000 lunar specimens gathered during NASA missions of the 1960s and 1970s.

Every summer in Chile’s Atacama Desert, afternoon winds can whip dust high into the air, creating an arid, sun-scorched landscape that seems utterly barren. ______ after seasonal rains, biologists have documented more than two hundred species of wildflowers carpeting the desert floor in brilliant color.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Great Green Wall Initiative is a pan-African reforestation effort launched in 2007.
• Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim is an environmental activist from Chad.
• She began advocating for the project in 2009 and continues to promote Indigenous leadership.
• Tanguy Gahouma-Bekale is a climate diplomat from Gabon.
• He began coordinating regional funding for the project in 2009 as well.
• Both work to restore degraded land and improve livelihoods across the Sahel.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Mary Shelley was an English novelist and editor.
• Her novel Frankenstein explored questions about science and ethics.
• It was first published in the year 1818 CE.
• The book is considered a classic of Gothic literature.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Amazon River system supports an exceptionally diverse array of wildlife.
• Scientists have catalogued more than 3,000 species of freshwater fish in its tributaries.
• By comparison, the entire continent of Europe is home to fewer than 400 freshwater fish species.
• Many Amazon fish, such as the arapaima and the electric eel, occur nowhere else in the world.
• The region also contains hundreds of mammal, reptile, and bird species.
• Ongoing deforestation threatens some aquatic habitats.

Researchers attempting to store hydrogen in liquid form discovered that adding a trace of boron catalyst not only increases density but also seems to _____ the spontaneous boil-off that has long plagued cryogenic tanks, allowing samples to remain stable for a full week at temperatures previously deemed impractical during deep-space missions.

In the decades-long debate over supersymmetry, the unexpected 1.2-TeV resonance did not refute the minimal model; rather, the signal seemed to _____ it, matching mass predictions critics had dismissed as numerology in earlier conference debates and journal polemics.

Many museum dioramas still show early whales as shore-bound hunters, yet oxygen-isotope ratios in new fossils, typical of open-ocean feeders, _____ that shoreline narrative, implying a rapid return to open-ocean life within two million years of their ancestors’ tentative wade into the sea.

Large surveys of remote workers, though rich in anecdote, rarely _____ the subtle ways hybrid schedules reshape family rituals; this study, by cross-matching time-use diaries with location pings, draws sharp boundaries between professional and domestic spheres, challenging the notion that balance is simply a matter of flexible hours.

The following text is adapted from a speech delivered in 1914 by H. H. Asquith. 

I should like… to ask your attention and that of my fellow-countrymen to the end which, in this War, we ought to keep in view. Forty-four years ago… [British Prime Minister] Gladstone used these words. He said: “The greatest triumph of our time will be the enthronement of the idea of public right as the governing idea of European politics.” … The idea of public right—what does it mean when translated into concrete terms? It means, first and foremost, the clearing of the ground by the definite repudiation of militarism as the governing factor in the relation of States and of the future moulding of the European world.

When botanists revived centuries-old lotus seeds from a Song-dynasty temple pond, they discovered unusually robust DNA-repair enzymes that mended oxidative lesions during germination. This finding challenges the assumption that seed longevity depends chiefly on arid storage and instead suggests that biochemical self-maintenance plays an equally vital role in preserving life’s blueprints.

The following text is an adaptation from Zora Neale Hurston’s 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.

The moon slanted across the porch; laughter drifted from the picnic still in full swing. Janie paused, hearing Tea Cake’s guitar stir among the trees, and a sudden eagerness fluttered through her; she felt time itself tilt, as though her tomorrow had stepped into tonight. She rose, smoothing her skirt, and walked toward the dark where music waited.

Text 1
Current scholarship on early sub-Saharan photography overwhelmingly spotlights the flamboyant studio portraits produced by a handful of celebrated colonial-era photographers. Such focus, critic Laila Mensah contends, exaggerates the influence of these studios while obscuring the quieter visual record preserved in family albums, travel snapshots, and newspaper images. Because these humbler pictures document everyday aspirations and aesthetics, Mensah argues, any history that excludes them ultimately misrepresents the evolution of African photographic practice.

Text 2
Digital archivist Nikhil Rao has used machine-learning tools to scan more than 200,000 uncatalogued African negatives. Rao’s preliminary analysis reveals unexpected continuities—lighting tricks, pose conventions, even recycled backdrops—shared by commercial studios and itinerant street photographers alike. Traditional scholarship lauds a few avant-garde studios for introducing such techniques, but Rao maintains that a much wider range of photographers employed them. He concludes that concentrating on celebrated studios narrows, rather than clarifies, our picture of the region’s photographic heritage.

Lithium–sulfur batteries often fail early because soluble reaction products escape into the electrolyte. Engineers have noticed that thicker (higher-viscosity) electrolytes slow this loss, so, on average, batteries with more-viscous electrolytes last through more charge cycles than those with thinner electrolytes. A researcher argues that the table shows cycle-life differences are driven by electrolyte viscosity rather than the amount of sulfur loaded onto the cathode, pointing to the contrast between ____

A new study of “direct-air capture” plants suggests that removing one metric ton of atmospheric CO₂ costs about US $600 today but could fall below $200 if powered entirely by surplus renewable electricity. The authors argue that the future market for carbon-negative credits will resemble the rollout of utility-scale solar: capital costs plummeted only once policy guaranteed a buyer of the extra electrons. They propose a reverse auction in which governments commit to buy fixed volumes of captured carbon; the lowest bidders win, and costs decline as firms chase volume.

Paleobiologist Lin Zhang and colleagues examined neck-vertebra fossils from two Late-Jurassic sauropods that foraged in very different habitats: Giraffatitan, which fed on open Nemegt floodplains, and Haplocanthosaurus, which browsed under the closed canopy of the Morrison River Forest. The researchers compared neck-vertebra fossils from the lineages of those two species to test a new idea: the denser the forest canopy a sauropod inhabited, the lower the pneumaticity (air-space proportion) of its cervical vertebrae. The team reasoned that animals feeding in open floodplains needed extremely lightweight, air-filled bones to support long, elevated necks, whereas canopy-dwelling browsers could retain heavier, more solid bone. They therefore predicted that sauropods from thick, closed canopies would retain noticeably less air space in their neck bones, whereas forms living in open floodplains would exhibit more highly pneumatized vertebrae.

Literary analyst Alma Ríos reviewed forty contemporary South-American novels and noted that works narrated through a female first-person focalizer (the “I” who filters events for readers) frequently explore class inequity. In a seminar, one student proposed using narrator gender as a proxy indicator: if a novel features a woman narrating in first person, scholars could assume it foregrounds socio-economic struggle and therefore skip a costly full thematic coding. Ríos is skeptical and begins searching library catalogs for counter-examples.

Blue Note, an American jazz record label founded in New York City in 1939, has a digital archive that stores detailed metadata for each session. A curatorial note explains that the tag “Hard Bop Special” is reserved for small-group sets whose signature feature is a trumpet solo by Lee Morgan, the label’s star horn player of the 1960s. Because Morgan preferred the acoustics at Rudy Van Gelder’s studio in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, the archive further indicates that every time he soloed, the session took place at Van Gelder’s. Researchers also highlight that at least one session recorded in 1964 at Van Gelder’s carries the “Hard Bop Special” tag. Given this information, it must be true that _______

Genetic damage within mitochondria can undermine cellular energy balance. Because these organelles carry their own circular genome, mutations in mitochondrial DNA that disrupt oxidative-phosphorylation genes ______ adenosine triphosphate production, so tissues with high metabolic demands, especially neural circuits and skeletal muscle, develop debilitating mitochondrial diseases that range from optic neuropathies to progressive myopathies.

By dismantling the forest’s evapotranspirative engine, ______ exacerbates continental droughts whose atmospheric reverberations destabilize jet stream trajectories worldwide; concurrently, thermal expansion and the melting of ice sheets elevate sea levels, rendering littoral settlements increasingly vulnerable to the cyclogenesis of ever stronger, ever more frequent tropical tempests.

First chronicled by Chinese court astronomers in 1054 AD, the cataclysmic supernova SN 1054 detonated with such titanic luminosity that daylight rivaled the moon; its still-racing shock fronts now sculpt the Crab ______ intricately filamented chrysalis of ionized gas and relativistic dust discernible through modest telescopes.

Although stretches of DNA lying between and inside genes were long dismissed as junk, these non-coding regions, long-regarded silent segments, contain tiny control tags that tell genes when and where to switch on or off. When single-letter ______ rearrangements damage these genetic switches, normal gene activity falters, setting off cancer and other developmental disorders.

In the field notes of naturalist Maria Sibylla Merian, the author delights in silk-spinning larvae, moonlit moths, and dew-silvered orchids. So acute an observer is Merian, a seventeenth-century illustrator of Suriname’s fauna, that her watercolor plates of caterpillar life cycles ____ scientists and art lovers more than three centuries later.

Drawing on Salima Ikram’s meticulous reconstructions, one discerns that Egyptian mummification—far from mere desiccation—constituted a calibrated biochemical ______ visceral extraction through a trans-ethmoidal aperture, natron-induced osmosis, resinous sealing, and linen stratigraphy inscribed with apotropaic texts, all orchestrated to convert corporeality into an indestructible husk capable of housing the ka through eternity’s cyclic judgement.

A start-up used reinforcement-learning algorithms to cut warehouse picking times by 30 percent; ____ business analysts caution that without worker retraining, such efficiencies could widen skill gaps.

Astronomers modeling exoplanet atmospheres apply high-temperature physics equations derived from magnetar studies; ____ the resulting spectra allow material-science engineers to design heat-shield ceramics capable of withstanding extreme stellar radiation.

Critics once labeled Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein mere Gothic sensationalism; ____ contemporary British-literature scholars, drawing on computer-science theories of emergent intelligence, reinterpret the novel as an early meditation on algorithmic autonomy and the ethics of synthetic life.

Geneticists traced a rare mitochondrial variant to Viking trade routes; ____ psychologists examining descendant communities documented heightened resilience narratives rooted in shared seafaring ancestry.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• When a conductor is stretched, resistive heating (Joule heating) can occur.
• A 2022 study by Park and Zhang measured the thermal response of different nanofibers under strain.
• Twisting a yarn of carbon-nanotube (CNT) fiber raised its surface temperature by 15 °C.
• Twisting a ribbon of single-layer graphene oxide (GO) also raised its surface temperature—by 14.8 °C.

• Canadian choreographer Crystal Pite is acclaimed for large-scale, architecturally intricate contemporary ballets.
• In Flight Pattern (≈33 min, 2017), a contingent of roughly forty dancers begins tightly clustered upstage left, later unfurling toward the center stage with outstretched arms.
• Her earlier duet A Picture of You Falling (≈16 min, 2008) positions two performers mirroring one another downstage center beneath stark side lighting.
• Both works employ muted gray costuming and elegiac string scores that underscore themes of displacement.
• Critics celebrate Pite’s rigorous spatial geometry and her ability to marshal ensembles into sculptural tableaux.

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