📐 Claremont Practice Test #75 복습 드릴

Porcelain aficionados praise Ru-ware bowls from China’s Song dynasty for their elusive, moonlit celadon glaze: the finish appears to ____ a delicate web of cracks that deepens the vessel’s misty blue-green tone and heightens its aesthetic prestige.

Entomologists discovered that certain leafcutter ants cultivate antibiotic-secreting bacteria on their exoskeletons, a biochemical defense that keeps their fungal crops free of parasitic molds; this symbiosis illustrates remarkable microbial ____ inside an insect society.

The chicken eggshell has a tricky job: it safeguards the growing chick, yet also allows it to break free when ready. The shell's success hinges on its intricate nanostructure, which adapts throughout the incubation period.

Sweden boasts one of the world’s highest household-recycling rates, yet simply exporting a single Swedish measure—say, its bottle-deposit program—rarely boosts recycling elsewhere. Environmental sociologist Martín Reyes contends that researchers still lack a sufficiently layered model of why people sort their trash. Some studies credit financial incentives, others neighbourhood norms, still others the convenience of curbside bins, but recycling decisions emerge from a tangle of such factors operating together.

Astronomers analyzing pulsar timing data detected a faint, consistent ripple indicative of a background of low‑frequency gravitational waves generated by super‑massive black‑hole mergers; this network approach complements laser‑interferometer findings and may map the universe’s most titanic collisions.

The following text is an excerpt from Jane Austen’s 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility.

Elinor listened while Marianne extolled the wild virtues of passion and, yet she kept her own hopes folded, certain that feeling displayed too readily soon bruises. Reason, Elinor thought, must line the heart like silk unseen, guarding it from the sharp weather of disappointment. Silence, she believed, was its strongest stitch.

Architect Maria Nguyen earned acclaim for converting derelict grain silos into affordable housing. Her pilot project in Ho Chi Minh City began with silos whose cylindrical interiors defied conventional room layouts. To make the spaces livable, Nguyen inserted a free-standing “service spine” that bundled plumbing, wiring, and ventilation into one narrow column, leaving the curved walls open for adaptable living pods. The solution preserved the silos’ concrete shells while meeting modern building codes.

Young sunflower heads swing east to west during the day because cells on opposite sides of the stalk grow at different rates; by night the pattern reverses, resetting the bud to face sunrise. When botanists raised seedlings under a fixed overhead lamp, the oscillation vanished within four days, and growth occurred only on the east side. The researchers conclude that the daily movement depends on changing light direction—external cues “entrain” the cycle—rather than on an internal timer that would keep the rhythm going without the moving sun.

After you press the shutter, the film holds an invisible “latent” image: tiny flaws appear inside silver-halide crystals, waiting for developer to turn them into visible metal. Because nothing on the film actually looks like the final picture yet, a photographer must picture those future tones in the mind. You expose the scene not for what you see now, but for what the developer can later build; give too little exposure and the developer has no foothold, give too much and the shadows clump together, leaving the negative with no subtlety to print.

Coastal biologists restore degraded oyster beds by placing reef modules—structures the bivalves can attach to—on the seabed. Surface area and water flow determine how many oysters a single module can sustain. Because their perforated, dome-shaped design offers vast attachment space and resists wave damage, concrete reef balls are widely considered the gold-standard, supporting far more oysters per unit than simpler substrates. A graduate researcher, however, wonders whether recycled porcelain tiles outperform at least one of the other methods. Examining the average oysters each module supports, she concludes that porcelain tiles _____

Farm leftovers like corn stover (the stalks and leaves left after harvest) are famous for making lots of methane when they rot inside an anaerobic digester—a sealed tank where microbes break things down without oxygen. Engineer Priya Mendez wonders whether piles of waste kelp trimmed from coastal farms could work just as well, because both materials are mostly volatile solids. Before spending money on big trials, she checks published lab studies: whenever corn stover produces an especially large gas boost, does kelp show the same jump under the same test settings?

In one of Mirza Ghalib’s celebrated Urdu ghazals, the speaker dismisses worldly affairs as little more than a trivial spectacle. This idea is voiced most plainly when he remarks, _____

City sociologists examined two ways to curb adolescent crime. One, rooted in prevention, would double the number of staffed after-school centers city-wide. The other, focused on enforcement, would expand night-time police curfew patrols in the highest-crime districts. Their forecasting model—calibrated with five years of arrest data—estimated that new centers would lower juvenile offenses by about 18 percent, whereas stronger curfew patrols would achieve roughly an 11 percent drop. On the strength of those projections, the public-safety board voted to fund the after-school centers and proclaimed that this step does the most that can be done right now to reduce youth crime. That judgment depends on the assumption that _____

Virginia senator ____the first openly LGBTQ+ lawmaker ever elected to represent the state—was sworn into office on January 3, 2023.

The chef’s desserts featuring dark chocolate ____ what she is most celebrated for, yet she is equally praised for her savory innovative tasting menu creations.

Having developed a gene-editing method that allows scientists to make precise changes to DNA sequences, ____ known as CRISPR-Cas9. For this transformative achievement, she was awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the illustrious Kavli Prize in Nanoscience.

With one in Kenya and another in Brazil, the research stations that make up the Global Lightning Detection Array—or GLDA, as atmospheric scientists refer to it—monitor almost six ____ worldwide, the sensors record storm intensity, strike frequency, and other meteorological data for analysis.

Author Lina Torres launched Global Palate, an online magazine, to address immigrant cuisines’ underrepresentation in mainstream food media. She strives to publish vivid stories that showcase the _____ with honesty, nuance, and sincere respect.

Spiral ____ widely appreciated for enhancing airflow across the wings of many small insects—such as fruit flies, mosquitoes, and gnats—grants comparable benefits, though via alternative mechanisms to larger airborne creatures, such as nectar-feeding bats as well.

The Atmos clock, a Swiss timepiece that runs on shifts in temperature and air pressure, is famed for near-perpetual motion. Once its sealed bellows are fully charged, the clock can power _____ for one year without additional winding or external adjustments.

Plastic debris contaminating ocean habitats is destructive to many marine organisms, but the bacterial strain Ideonella sakaiensis not only survives in these conditions but also helps reduce the debris that clogs coastal ecosystems. As a plastic-degrading microbe, Ideonella sakaiensis breaks down polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into harmless by-products; ____ plastic concentrations in the surrounding water gradually diminish over time and distance too.

The volcano Kīlauea erupts almost continuously, earning a place among the most active volcanoes on Earth (it produced lava on more than 90 percent of days in 2022). By contrast, Nevado del Ruiz erupts only sporadically. Indeed, between March and April 2023, seismic activity spiked sharply; ____ authorities raised its alert level from yellow to orange.

While researching a topic, a student has assembled the following notes:

• The Man Booker Prize is a prestigious literary award presented annually in London.
• Novelist Arundhati Roy of India won a Booker Prize gold medal in 1997.
• Roy’s winning work was a debut novel titled The God of Small Things.
• Novelist Hilary Mantel of the United Kingdom won a Booker Prize gold medal in 2009.
  
• Mantel’s winning work was a historical novel titled Wolf Hall.

While researching a topic, a student has assembled the following notes:

• Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859.
• He studied wildlife in the Galápagos Islands.
• Darwin is honored by a city in Australia.
• The city of Darwin, Australia, is named after Charles Darwin.
• Darwin's voyage on HMS Beagle began in early 1831.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is a prestigious award given annually by Columbia University in April.
• Pulitzer jurors honor novels that portray American life with originality, power, and depth.
  
• Colson Whitehead won the prize in 2020 for The Nickel Boys, a novel exposing abuses at schools.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Bikini Atoll is a coral atoll located in the Pacific Ocean.
• The atoll is one of the many “coral islands” in the central and western Pacific region.
• A coral island is an isolated ring-shaped reef whose lagoon ecosystem differs greatly from the surrounding open ocean.
• The United Nations says, “These islands are ‘rings’ encircled by vast blue ‘seas’ of salt water.”
• The UN states, “Each coral island forms a distinct habitat.”

When the central bank unexpectedly raised interest rates, small-business owners feared higher loan costs would ____ consumer spending, slowing the region’s post-recession recovery.

Across a moonlit desert ruin, photographer Nasim al-Bakri timed a 45-second exposure so that drifting clouds traced luminous arcs behind toppled columns, an effect that subtly ____ viewers’ sense of linear time by compressing minutes of celestial motion into a single frame.

After mapping thousands of tweets, sociolinguists noticed that the slang term “yeet” diffused outward from urban centers along commuter rail lines, an observation that ____ the long-standing claim that digital speech patterns ignore geographic boundaries.

Orbiting 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, the James Webb Space Telescope, a cryogenically cooled observatory equipped with segmented gold mirrors, detected carbon dioxide in an exoplanet’s atmosphere—a signal that, if ______ , could reshape prevailing models of planetary formation.

To test whether mental fatigue alters people’s sense of right and wrong, psychologists gave volunteers either a demanding logic puzzle or a simple coloring task before assessing moral judgments; those taxed by complex reasoning condemned hypothetical wrongdoing less harshly, implying cognitive load can blunt moral vigilance.

Anthropologists recording a Tuvan throat‑singing festival noted how performers shift vocal tract shapes to produce two simultaneous pitches; the tradition, sustained by herding communities, reinforces cultural identity while astonishing visiting acousticians.

The son of clock-repairers, Hugo Delaunay entered engineering school determined to perfect ultra-precise wristwatches. After several patents, however, he realized that ever-smaller gears offered diminishing practical returns. Seeking a broader contribution, Delaunay pivoted to public timekeeping: he designed solar-powered city clocks that automatically synchronize by radio signal, bringing second-level accuracy to train stations once notorious for delays. By shifting from miniature luxury devices to robust civic instruments, he redefined how communities share—and trust—the measurement of time.

Light from a distant quasar arrived at Earth oddly magnified. Astronomers traced the anomaly to a rogue galaxy crossing the sight-line. That invisible mass, curving spacetime like glass around a candle, split the quasar’s single gleam into four, confirming Einstein’s century-old prediction of gravitational lensing. Because the effect depends on mass alone, even galaxies made mostly of dark matter announce themselves through such celestial distortions.

Mangroves knit muddy coasts into firm seams, halting erosion. When seedlings take hold, crab burrows aerate the soil, quickening root spread. Within three seasons, trapped sediment doubles shoreline width, and juvenile fish swarm the shaded pools, an early sign that battered reefs can again rely on a leafy first line of defense.

Text 1
Few wildlife icons loom larger in popular imagination than the great white shark. Nature documentaries routinely show the predator rocketing from dark water to snatch hapless seals, and thrillers depict it as a relentless man-eater patrolling every coastline. In this portrayal the animal is an ever-hungry missile whose only mission is to dominate the seas and terrorize swimmers unlucky enough to meet its cold, calculating gaze.

Text 2
Marine ecologist Dr. Isabel Moreno disputes that cinematic persona. Drawing on satellite tags and stomach-content studies, she contends that great whites spend most of their lives cruising slowly in search of fish already injured or dead, supplementing with seal hunts only when energetically efficient. Moreno argues that the shark’s ecological role is closer to that of an opportunistic cleaner than a single-minded assassin, a conclusion that challenges audiences—but, she insists, is well supported by data.

In George Eliot’s essays, she argues that realistic fiction should awaken “the sympathetic imagination.” A novelist, she writes, must let readers enter minds unlike their own so that “fixed opinions melt in the heat of fellow-feeling.” Eliot admits that satire may expose a social wrong quickly, but she insists that only patient portraiture—showing motives, doubts, small daily choices—can persuade readers to judge characters as kin rather than abstractions.

TrailPeak succeeded by reversing the usual strategy in outdoor-gear design. Rather than adding features, the company removed almost everything—no batteries, no detachable filters, no moving parts—until only a straw-shaped purifier remained. This austerity cut production costs and reduced breakage, yet it also let TrailPeak charge a premium: ultralight backpackers, happy to pay more for every gram saved, became the firm’s core customers.

Robert Frost’s 1923 poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” shows the speaker pulled away from the enticing woods by future obligations; he admits this duty when he reflects, _____

Biologists have long proposed that an internal magnetic compass evolved to guide long-distance migratory birds across continents. To test whether this sense appears only in migrants, researchers placed the non-migratory garden warbler in a flight tunnel under shifting magnetic fields. Surprisingly, the warblers consistently oriented themselves in line with the altered field—just as true migrants do—despite never leaving their home range in the wild. Because these sedentary birds share the magnetic sense, the finding suggests that _____

Born in West Virginia, Katherine Johnson is celebrated for her work on NASA’s Apollo Guidance Reports, which _____ critical trajectory calculations for the early crewed missions to the Moon’s surface.

Former Costa Rican president Laura Chinchilla and Brazilian diplomat Paulo Sergio Pinheiro were instrumental in drafting the Escazú Agreement, a treaty that _____ the environmental rights of citizens in Latin America.

Water imagery shapes many of Julia Armfield’s stories. In her collection Salt Slow, for instance, the narrator clings to memories of a seaside childhood, while in the novel Our Wives Under the Sea, the character Miri _____ a lingering form of auditory hallucination in which the sound of waves seems ever-present.

In the biography Saving the World, Canadian journalist Alice Patrick employs graphic illustrations rather than prose _____ the remarkable journey of conservationist Asha Rani for young readers worldwide.

The “Great Oxidation Event,” which occurred roughly 2.4 billion years ago, marked the first time Earth’s atmosphere contained large amounts of _____ it left unanswered the question of why oxygen levels later fluctuated for hundreds of millions of years.

Fueled by massive computing power, transformer innovations, and oceans of text, large language models have leapt from lab curiosities to core tools for tasks like code generation and ______ however, is shadowed by energy demands, data hunger, and thorny issues of bias, privacy, and accountability.

Baseball, which evolved from English bat-and-ball games, coalesced in mid-19th-century America through amateur clubs and standardized rules. Over subsequent decades, professional leagues proliferated, Jackie Robinson shattered ______ televised broadcasts transformed the sport into a global pastime cherished across continents.

Nearly all mammals give birth, nourishing their offspring internally before birth. Nonetheless, not every mammal is viviparous. Platypuses, _____ lay eggs that hatch outside the mother’s body after ten days of incubation.

When mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani received the Fields Medal in 2014, she made history. _____ no other woman had ever earned the award, making Mirzakhani the first female laureate.

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth roughly every 90 minutes, allowing its crew to witness about sixteen sunrises and sunsets each day. ______, the ISS travels at approximately 28,000 kilometers per hour to maintain this low-Earth orbit.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Lake Baikal in Russia is the world’s deepest lake.
• Its maximum depth is about 5,387 feet.
• Lake Tanganyika in East Africa is the second-deepest lake.
• Its maximum depth is roughly 4,820 feet.
• Both lakes are part of ancient continental rift systems.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Ayumi Tanaka is a Japanese artist.
• She creates portraits of notable Japanese women.
• Tanaka completed an oil painting of astronaut Naoko Yamazaki in 2012.
• She completed a charcoal sketch of writer Banana Yoshimoto in 2019.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Black-sand beaches are composed mainly of tiny fragments of volcanic basalt.
• These beaches form where molten lava cools rapidly in ocean water and then erodes into sand-sized grains.
• They occur on geologically young, volcanic coastlines such as those in Hawai‘i, Iceland, and the Canary Islands.
• On older, non-volcanic coasts, beach sand is usually light-colored quartz.
• Lava-derived sand can heat quickly in the sun, making it uncomfortable to walk barefoot.
• Some countries fine tourists for removing black sand as a souvenir.

For several decades, research into the mechanisms of self-control within the context of short-term decision-making has yielded two distinct yet ostensibly conflicting findings. One theoretical framework posits that self-control operates as a limited resource, analogous to a battery, which depletes with excessive reliance. This conceptualization holds that each demonstration of self-control incrementally drains this finite reserve throughout the day. Conversely, a second hypothesis proposes that the application of self-control functions as a skill that can be augmented through regular exercise, akin to a snowball effect, where the capacity for self-regulation grows as it gains momentum.

Deep-sea ROV footage recorded at 3,000 meters shows that an anglerfish’s flashing lure does not merely attract prey but appears to _____ rival anglers, revealing their camouflaged outlines and triggering evasive maneuvers detectable in the infrared spectrum that researchers once assumed impossible at such depths.

A nickel-based catalyst that splits ammonia at 200 °C could ______ the traditional high-temperature ammonia-production process, although skeptics note that scaling up laboratory yields of the catalyst remains daunting, especially because the prototype currently demands very high-purity feedstocks and the economics of sourcing hydrogen from renewable electrolysis at industrial scale are uncertain.

Rashomon, Akira Kurosawa’s 1950 film, is often praised for its radical narrative of four clashing testimonies about one crime. Some critics insist that the picture’s true theme is the fragility of memory—each version proves how easily perception bends to desire. Others maintain that the film’s purpose lies elsewhere: it exposes the audience’s own appetite for certainty, forcing viewers to confront how willingly they judge with insufficient evidence.

In 2018, Mei Zhang and colleagues reported that inoculating soybean seedlings with the soil fungus Xylomyces orientalis increased final yield by nearly 40 percent. Yet their field trial included only four small plots. In a 2023 meta-analysis of crop–microbe studies, Rahul Desai and co-authors warned that conclusions drawn from so little replication are prone to bias. Limited replication, in turn, can magnify claims of dramatic productivity gains.

The following text is from Edith Wharton’s 1920 novel The Age of Innocence. During an after-dinner visit, Newland Archer pauses on the stairs and silently observes his fiancée May Welland in confidential conversation with her unconventional cousin, Countess Ellen Olenska.

Newland Archer, pausing at the foot of the staircase, saw through the drawing-room door that May, left alone with her cousin, had taken a low seat beside Ellen’s arm-chair. Their heads bent together, yet Ellen’s hand rested loosely on the carved chair-arm, as though confessing no need of support. From the hall the murmur of their voices floated back—May’s rapid musical phrases broken by Ellen’s slower notes of answer. Presently Archer turned away, choosing the longer path to his study, and closed the door behind him with elaborate gentleness.

Butterfly ecologists have tracked meadow fritillary numbers in Minnesota grasslands since 2004. Mountainous locations, which offer cooler microclimates, generally host the largest colonies, but overall the species has declined in the region. A conservation biologist argues that one low-elevation site is bucking the downward trend by supporting a rising population over the sixteen-year span, a pattern demonstrated by ______

Fossil bone preserves tiny internal cavities whose proportion, called cortical-bone porosity, can hint at the water budget of the habitat in which the animal lived. In very wet settings, steady infiltration and mineral leaching typically leave dinosaur bones with larger void percentages, whereas bones buried in arid floodplains tend to be denser. Paleo-climatologists therefore expect a direct relation between estimated ancient rainfall and average porosity across a formation’s fossils. However, diagenetic chemistry or unusual burial rates can break that pattern. The most conspicuous illustration of this exception emerges: _____

In Charles Baudelaire’s 1857 poem “The Albatross,” collected in Les Fleurs du mal, the speaker suggests that poets, like albatrosses, are magnificent when they roam the heights of imagination yet appear awkward and humiliated among ordinary people. This contrast emerges most vividly when the speaker observes, _____

During a graduate colloquium, economic historian Claire Morton maintained that any 13th century English manor which imposed use of its banal mill (monopoly grain-grinding facility owned by the lord) also levied merchet (fee a peasant paid the lord when his daughter married). Her generalization rests on fifteen manorial rolls from Yorkshire and Kent. Skeptical, student Malik Hossain is combing other county archives to see whether the rule truly admits no exceptions.

A 25-country meta-analysis published this year found no independent link between dietary cholesterol intake and heightened cardiovascular-disease risk once saturated-fat consumption was held constant. The pooled data included more than 3 million person-years of follow-up. Until now, nutrition guidelines in many nations had recommended strict daily cholesterol caps, reasoning that cholesterol molecules ingested at breakfast inevitably elevated blood-serum cholesterol and, in turn, heart-disease incidence. If the new meta-analysis is accurate, it implies that _____

Regional surveys show that all Bronze-Age settlements yielding arsenical-bronze tools also contain heaps of copper-smelting slag, and that no excavated nomadic campsites have produced slag of any kind. During the 2023 field season, archaeologists at the high-altitude site of Terkh Pass uncovered three tons of vitrified slag but no household hearths or animal-bone middens characteristic of encampments. Given the earlier survey findings, the evidence from Terkh Pass most strongly implies that _____

Covered by tough shells, cactus seeds rest under dry desert sand until rare rain finally lets them sprout. Sweet berries, meanwhile, attract roaming ______ the fruit passes through their guts, the slightly scratched seeds are dropped in their waste, starting new plants in fresh ground.

Through ethnographic observation of New York City’s sidewalk vendors, researchers trace fluid barter, rotating credit pools, and kin-based information chains that undergird a vast informal marketplace; likewise, Elinor Ostrom’s institutional lens in Governing the Commons ______ how such urban commons self-regulate without centralized coercion.

Employing multi-minute exposures calibrated to Earth’s sidereal rotation, nightscape photographer Brad Goldpaint coaxes spectral gradients and star-cloud filigree from what, to the naked eye, appears mere blackness. The Milky Way, whose spine arches above basalt ridges that silhouette the foreground, ____ as a luminous river flecked with islets of starlight.

Within Africa’s arid savannahs, where termite colonies, blind eusocial engineers, erect remarkable earthen spires exceeding nine meters, labyrinthine conduits inside regulate temperature through fluid convection, sustaining the brood despite searing days and frigid nights and rivaling human HVAC ______ engineering prowess.

Early daguerreotypists favored rigid studio tableaux, but Jacob Riis dragged flash powder into Manhattan alleys, capturing tenement life with glaring immediacy; ____ the medium’s social function pivoted from genteel portraiture to exposé, catalyzing Progressive-Era housing reforms.

Although Navajo sand-painting motifs traditionally vanish with ritual erasure, Diné multimedia artist Melanie Yazzie embeds those transient symbols in cast-bronze reliefs; ____ the resulting sculptures preserve healing narratives while challenging collectors’ assumptions about ephemerality and authenticity.

While ethnographers once classified kinship solely through dynastic genealogies, recent DNA‐mesh studies reveal a lattice of cross-regional adoptions that redefines clan boundaries; ____ fieldworkers now map social identity through both ceremonial exchange patterns and autosomal markers to avoid conflating cultural affinity with biological descent.

• Sissel Tolaas is a Norwegian-born, Berlin-based “smell artist.”
• She constructs immersive olfactory installations that pair engineered aromas with sculptural or architectural environments.
• Her project RE________cult first opened in 2021 at the Fondazione Prada outpost in Milan, Italy.
• The work dispersed more than 4,000 chemically re-created scent molecules that evoked fungal decay, cold metal, and damp limestone.
• The installation occupied an entire underground cistern and demanded audience navigation by smell rather than sight.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are icy bodies whose orbits lie beyond Neptune.
• Astronomer Mike Brown has cataloged numerous TNOs.
• Working with Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz, Brown identified the dwarf-planet candidate (90377) Sedna on 14 November 2003.
• With Trujillo and Konstantin Batygin, he later discovered the large TNO 2007 OR10 on 17 July 2007.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• “Program music” designates orchestral works that narrate an extramusical story or scene.
• Conversely, “absolute music” pursues purely musical ideas without suggestive narratives.
• Richard Strauss’s Also sprach Zarathustra (1896) is programmatic, tracing the arc of Nietzsche’s philosophical prose.
• Its opening “Sunrise” fanfare blazes in the key of C major, whereas later episodes drift through remote tonalities.
• Johannes Brahms’s Symphony No. 3 (1883) exemplifies absolute music, structured by sonata form rather than a story.
• Although Brahms rhapsodises in F major, the symphony’s motto motive (F–A♭–F) recurs in every movement.

Each dot plot shows the number of pencils brought by each student in two different classes, Class and Class .

The graph shows a system of two linear equations.

A circle with centre has diameters and (figure not to scale).