📖 College Board 공식 정의
CED 원문
"Explain: Provide information about how or why a relationship, pattern, position, situation, or outcome occurs using evidence and/or reasoning. Graphs and symbols are acceptable as part of the explanation."
"설명. 관계·패턴·위치·상황·결과가 어떻게 또는 왜 발생하는지 증거와/또는 논리를 사용해 정보를 제공한다. 그래프와 기호도 설명의 일부로 사용 가능."
🎯 점수 받는 핵심
- "~기 때문에 ~이다" 같은 인과 사슬 필수
- 최소 2단계 논리: 원인 → 결과 + 그 사이의 메커니즘
- 그래프와 기호로 보강 가능 (말로만 안 해도 됨)
- 단답이면 0점 — 답이 맞아도 reasoning 없으면 감점
✓ 점수 받는 답 (CED Micro Q1(c) 모범답)
문제: "If the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is 0.92, would consumer spending on potatoes increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain."
답: "Consumer spending will increase. Because demand is inelastic (|PED|=0.92<1), the percentage increase in price outweighs the percentage decrease in quantity demanded, resulting in an increase in total spending."
→ 결론(↑) + 이유(inelastic) + 메커니즘(% price > % Q) = 1점
✗ 단답 0점
"Increase."
→ 결론만 있고 reasoning 없음. Explain이 명시됐는데 무시. 0점.
총 4개 샘플 · 출처: AP Microeconomics 공식 FRQ + Scoring Guidelines
1. 2024 Set 1 · Q2(c(i))U6 외부성·공공재Identify · Explain
📝 문제
Good X is produced and sold in a perfectly competitive market. The provided graph shows the market for Good X.
(c) Suppose the government wants to eliminate the deadweight loss in the market for Good X.
(c(i)) Which of the following will achieve the government’s objective: a per-unit tax on consumers or a per-unit subsidy to consumers? Explain.
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State that the government will grant a per-unit subsidy to consumers to achieve the socially optimal quantity of Good X and explain with ONE of the following: • A per-unit subsidy to consumers that internalizes external benefits increases the incentive and ability of consumers to buy the socially optimal quantity (400). • A per-unit subsidy to consumers equal to the marginal external benefit increases consumption to the socially optimal quantity (400), by lowering the price paid by the consumer. • A per-unit subsidy to consumers equal to the difference between marginal social benefit and marginal private benefit increases the quantity exchanged to the socially optimal quantity (400).
2. 2024 Set 1 · Q2(d)U6 외부성·공공재Identify · Explain
📝 문제
Good X is produced and sold in a perfectly competitive market. The provided graph shows the market for Good X.
(d) Suppose instead the government imposes a price ceiling of $10. Will the price ceiling achieve the socially optimal quantity of Good X? Explain. __________________________________________________________ Begin your response to this question at the top of a new page in the separate Free Response booklet and fill in the appropriate circle at the top of each page to indicate the question number. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. AP® Microeconomics 2024 Free-Response Questions © 2024 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. 4
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State no, the price ceiling will not achieve the socially optimal quantity of Good X and explain that the price ceiling will cause the quantity exchanged in the market, which is limited by the quantity supplied (200), to be less than the socially optimal quantity (400).
3. 2024 Set 1 · Q3(b)U4 불완전경쟁Identify · Explain
📝 문제
Nice Ride and Field Cruiser are the only two producers of vehicles. Nice Ride is deciding whether to improve Safety or Comfort. Field Cruiser is deciding whether to improve Reliability or Power. The payoff matrix shows the payoffs for each combination of strategies. The first entry in each cell shows Nice Ride’s profit, and the second entry shows Field Cruiser’s profit. Each firm independently and simultaneously chooses its strategy. Assume the two firms know all the information in the matrix and do not cooperate.
(b) Does Nice Ride have a dominant strategy? Explain using numbers from the payoff matrix.
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State no, Nice Ride does not have a dominant strategy and explain that if Field Cruiser chooses Reliability, then Nice Ride will choose Comfort since $30 million is greater than $10 million, and if Field Cruiser chooses Power, then Nice Ride will choose Safety since $32 million is greater than $25 million.
4. 2024 Set 2 · Q2(c)U3 생산·비용·완전경쟁Identify · Explain
📝 문제
The table provided shows the short-run production function for Lowen Feline, a profit-maximizing firm that produces cat food. Lowen Feline sells as many bags of cat food as it wants at a market price of $10 per bag and hires as many workers as it wants at a market wage of $18.
(c) With the hiring of which worker do diminishing marginal returns begin? Explain using numbers.
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State that diminishing marginal returns to labor begin with the hiring of the 3rd worker and explain that the marginal product of the 1st worker is 5 bags, the marginal product of the 2nd worker increases to 7 bags, and the marginal product of the 3rd worker decreases to 6 bags.
총 4개 샘플 · 출처: AP Macroeconomics 공식 FRQ + Scoring Guidelines
1. 2023 Set 1 · Q2(c)U2 AD-AS·재정Identify · Explain
📝 문제
The economy of Noralandia is in short-run equilibrium with an actual inflation rate that is currently higher than the expected inflation rate.
(c) Noralandia has an open economy and a flexible exchange rate. Based solely on the effect of the monetary policy action identified in part (b) on interest rates in Noralandia, will there be an increase, a decrease, or no change in the flow of international financial capital into Noralandia? Explain.
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State that there will be an increase in the flow of international financial capital into Noralandia and explain that international investors will seek higher returns on financial capital in Noralandia.
2. 2023 Set 1 · Q3(d(i))U1 거시 측정Identify · Explain
📝 문제
Assume that in the country of Zeta, the civilian noninstitutional population aged 16 and over is 1,000,000. The labor force participation rate is 70%, the unemployment rate is 9%, and the natural rate of unemployment is 5%.
(d) If some individuals who are counted as unemployed in Zeta stop looking for work, what will happen to each of the following?
(d(i)) The labor force participation rate. Explain.
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State that the labor force participation rate will decrease and explain that the labor force will decrease because the workers who stopped looking for employment are no longer considered to be unemployed.
3. 2024 Set 1 · Q3(d)U6 개방경제·환율Identify · Explain
📝 문제
Assume Malaysia’s economy is in a recession and its government currently has a balanced budget.
(d) As a result of the change in the value of the ringgit shown in part (c), will Malaysia’s imports increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain. __________________________________________________________ Begin your response to this question at the top of a new page in the separate Free Response booklet and fill in the appropriate circle at the top of each page to indicate the question number. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. AP® Macroeconomics 2024 Free-Response Questions © 2024 College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. 5
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
State that Malaysia’s imports will increase and explain that the appreciation of the ringgit will make Japanese goods relatively less expensive than they were before.
4. 2023 Set 1 · Q1(b(i))U2 AD-AS·재정Identify · Explain
📝 문제
Assume the economy of Vanderlandia is in short-run equilibrium with a real GDP of $500 million. The full-employment level of real GDP is $550 million.
(b) Assume no policy action is taken to restore full employment.
(b(i)) Explain how the economy will adjust in the long run.
✅ 모범 답안 펼쳐보기
Explain that input prices (e.g., nominal wages) and/or inflationary expectations will decrease, causing SRAS to increase until it reaches full employment.
